Bioscience teaching and learning in undergraduate nursing education: A systematic review with narrative synthesis.

Aim: To explore the teaching and learning methods used in bioscience education for undergraduate nursing students and evaluate their effectiveness for knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction.

Background: Understanding bioscience is essential for nurses to provide effective patient care. Despite its importance, students often struggle with the complex content and limited learning time.

A quantitative study examining infographic assessment guidelines for undergraduate nursing students with specific learning difficulties (SpLDs).

This research investigates the perceived clarity and usefulness of infographic versus traditional text-based assessment guidelines among undergraduate nursing students with and without specific learning difficulties (SpLDs). Through quantitative analysis, the study reveals that undergraduate nursing students with SpLDs significantly prefer infographics over text-based guidelines, both in terms of clarity and usefulness (p < .001).

Designer Benzodiazepines Gidazepam and Desalkygidazepam (Bromonordiazepam): What Do We Know?

Designer benzodiazepines are one of the primary new psychoactive substance (NPS) threats around the world, being found in large numbers in postmortem, driving under the influence of drugs and drug-facilitated sexual assault cases. Even though when compared to many other NPS types, such as opioids and cathinones, there are relatively few designer benzodiazepines being monitored. Recently, a new NPS benzodiazepine has been reported in Europe, the USA and Canada, desalkygidazepam, also known as bromonordiazepam.

The blood-to-plasma ratio and predicted GABA-binding affinity of designer benzodiazepines.

Purpose: The number of benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances (NPS) is continually increasing. Information about the pharmacological parameters of these compounds is required to fully understand their potential effects and harms. One parameter that has yet to be described is the blood-to-plasma ratio.

The impact of the national stay-at-home order on emergency department visits for suspected opioid overdose during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Although national syndromic surveillance data reported declines in emergency department (ED) visits after the declaration of the national stay-at-home order for COVID-19, little is known whether these declines were observed for suspected opioid overdose.

Methods: This interrupted time series study used syndromic surveillance data from four states participating in the HEALing Communities Study: Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. All ED encounters for suspected opioid overdose (n = 48,301) occurring during the first 31 weeks of 2020 were included.

Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavioral Health Problems in a Population-Based Sample.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between indices of lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure and measures of behavioral health status among Ohioans.

Participants: A random sample (n = 6996) of Ohioans contacted to complete the 2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Design: A cross-sectional survey.

Current health status and history of traumatic brain injury among Ohio adults.

Introduction: Lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) is prevalent in 21% of adult, non-institutionalised residents of Ohio. Prior history has been associated with lower incomes, inability to work and disability. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between lifetime history and adverse health conditions.

The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines.

The illicit market for new psychoactive substances is forever expanding. Benzodiazepines and their derivatives are one of a number of groups of these substances and thus far their number has grown year upon year. For both forensic and clinical purposes it is important to be able to rapidly understand these emerging substances.

Experimental versus theoretical log D , pK and plasma protein binding values for benzodiazepines appearing as new psychoactive substances.

The misuse of benzodiazepines as new psychoactive substances is an increasing problem around the world. Basic physicochemical and pharmacokinetic data is required on these substances to interpret and predict their effects upon humans. Experimental log D , pK and plasma protein binding values were determined for 11 benzodiazepines that have recently appeared as new psychoactive substances (3-hydroxyphenazepam, 4'-chlorodiazepam, desalkylflurazepam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, etizolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, meclonazepam, phenazepam, and pyrazolam) and compared with values generated by various software packages (ACD/I-lab, MarvinSketch, ADMET Predictor and PreADMET).

Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury and Current Disability Among Ohio Adults.

Objective: To examine the associations between lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) and several types of current disability among adult, noninstitutionalized residents of Ohio.

Participants: 2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System participants (n = 6998).

Design: Statewide population-based survey.

Lifetime prevalence of traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of lifetime history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with loss of consciousness (LOC) among adult, non-institutionalised residents of Ohio.

Methods: We analysed data from 2014 Ohio Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which included a state-specific module designed to elicit lifetime history of TBI.

Results: Of non-institutionalised adults 18 years and over living in Ohio, 21.

The emergence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) benzodiazepines: A review.

The market for new psychoactive substances has increased markedly in recent years and there is now a steady stream of compounds appearing every year. Benzodiazepines consist of only a fraction of the total number of these compounds but their use and misuse has rapidly increased. Some of these benzodiazepines have only been patented, some of them have not been previously synthesised, and the majority have never undergone clinical trials or tests.

Historical opinion: Erwin Chargaff and his 'rules' for the base composition of DNA: why did he fail to see the possibility of complementarity?

Erwin Chargaff was one of the more interesting and colourful figures of the historic decade that heralded the proposal of the double helical structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953. In describing Chargaff's important contribution to the study of DNA, particularly its base composition, this article seeks to suggest why, despite his substantial achievements, he failed to anticipate some of the key features of the Watson-Crick model, particularly complementarity between bases--a failure that left him deeply embittered for the rest of his life.

The crystallization of enzymes and virus proteins: laying to rest the colloidal concept of living systems.

In 1946 three Americans shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry--James Sumner 'for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized', and John Northrop and Wendell Stanley 'for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form'. The award made history as the first time that the Chemistry Prize was shared by three individuals. It also doubled the number of Americans that had received the Chemistry award since its inception in 1901.

Determination of the kinetics of guanine nucleotide exchange on EF-Tu and EF-Ts: continuing uncertainties.

An analysis is made of the rate constants for the reactions involving the interactions of EF-Tu, EF-Ts, GDP, and GTP recently derived by Gromadski et al. [Biochemistry 41 (2002) 162]. Though their measured values appear to allow a reasonable rate of nucleotide exchange sufficient to support rates of protein synthesis in vivo, their data underestimate the thermodynamic barrier involved in nucleotide exchange and therefore cannot be considered definitive.

Optimization of protein therapeutics by directed evolution.

Directed evolution is a broadly applicable technology platform that is ideally suited to address the need for protein optimization and to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of biologics. The approach takes advantage of the remarkable structural and functional plasticity of proteins and permits the rapid remodeling of biologics into new entities with improved functions. The ability to ameliorate virtually any characteristic of a protein can translate into significant clinical benefits, including decreased immunogenicity, higher potency, greater efficacy and improved safety profile, and can considerably increase the probability of successfully developing and commercializing biotherapeutics.

Man of destiny: the life and work of Fritz Haber.

'The German physical chemist Fritz Haber was distinguished not only for his researches, but also for his services to industry and to his country. Haber and the research institutes he directed contributed to a wide range of advances in physical chemistry. His most outstanding scientific achievement was his synthesis of ammonia, which solved the urgent problem of meeting the world demand for nitrogen fertiliser'.

Catalysis of guanine nucleotide exchange on eIF2 by eIF2B: can it be both a substituted enzyme and a sequential mechanism?

There are conflicting reports over the question of whether the displacement by GTP of GDP bound to eIF2 catalyzed by eIF2B follows a substituted enzyme mechanism, as is believed to be the case for other guanine nucleotide exchange factors, or is a sequential mechanism. Analysis of data recently provided by Williams et al. (J.

Antoine Béchamp: pere de la biologie. Oui ou non?

There is an alternative medicine lobby that, in conjunction with antivivisectionists, believes Louis Pasteur to have been a fraud [R. Bottomley's You Don't Have to Feel Unwell! (Newleaf, 1994) is a recent example]. They frame their accusations around a rivalry between Pasteur and a contemporary, Antoine Béchamp, from whom they suggest Pasteur stole his ideas and then distorted them for his own purposes.

Biochemistry comes of age: a century of endeavour.

Biochemistry began as an identifiable, separate discipline at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article traces its early development, focusing on three pioneers--Eduard Buchner, Arthur Croft Hill and Arthur Harden.