Peripheral blood transcriptome heterogeneity and prognostic potential in lung cancer revealed by RNA-Seq.

Understanding of the complex interaction between the peripheral immune system and lung cancer (LC) remains incomplete, limiting patient benefit. Here, we aimed to characterize the host peripheral immune response to LC and investigate its potential prognostic value. Bulk RNA-sequencing data of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) from healthy volunteers and LC patients (n = 142) were analysed for characterization of host systemic immunity in LC.

Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit D2 Is a Prognostic Factor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer for the Ability to Promote Cell Cycle and Enhance Invasion.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with an unfavorable prognosis and no specific targeted therapies. The role of non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2), a regulatory subunit of the condensin I complex that mainly participates in chromosome condensation and segregation, has not been reported in cancer. We therefore evaluated the prognostic value and biological function of NCAPD2 in TNBC.

A novel signature for stratifying the molecular heterogeneity of the tissue-infiltrating T-cell receptor repertoire reflects gastric cancer prognosis.

Many basic properties of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire require clarification, and the changes occurring in the TCR repertoire during carcinogenesis, especially during precancerous stages, remain unclear. This study used deep sequencing analyses to examine 41 gastric tissue samples at different pathological stages, including low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, early gastric cancer and matched adjacent tissues, to define the characteristics of the infiltrating TCRβ repertoire during gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, to illustrate the relationship between the local molecular phenotype and TCR repertoire of the microenvironment, whole-genome gene expression microarray analysis of the corresponding gastric precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer tissues was conducted.

Heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ascribed to local immune status rather than neoantigens by multi-omics analysis of glioblastoma multiforme.

Hypothetically, intratumoral genomic heterogeneity has the potential to foster tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) diversity; however, no study has directly tested this hypothesis by simultaneously investigating somatic mutations, TIL diversity, and immune response activity. Thus, we performed whole-exome sequencing, immune repertoire sequencing and gene expression on ten spatially separated tumor samples obtained from two tumor masses excised from a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient, and we included peripheral blood as control. We found that although the multi-region samples from one tumor shared more common mutations than those from different tumors, the TIL populations did not.

SMC4, which is essentially involved in lung development, is associated with lung adenocarcinoma progression.

Structural maintenance of chromosome 4 (SMC4) is a core subunit of condensin complexes that mainly contributes to chromosome condensation and segregation. Our previous study demonstrated that the gene expression profile during lung development is of great values for the study of lung cancer. In this study, we identified SMC4 through co-expression network analysis and clique percolation clustering using genes that constant changes during four stages of lung development.

Autophagy in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for intracellular substance degradation, responsible for the recycling of metabolic substances and the maintenance of intracellular stability. It has early been demonstrated to play a significant role in tumorigenesis, but whether it acts as a promoter or a suppressor during tumorigenesis seems to be context-specific. Moreover, autophagy is also implicated in promoting chemoresistance of cancer cells so as to attenuate therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy.