miRNAs, piRNAs, and lncRNAs: A triad of non-coding RNAs regulating the neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy and their therapeutic potentials.

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a leading complication of diabetes mellitus, has long been considered as a microvascular disease of the retina. However, recent evidence suggests that DR is a neurovascular disease, characterized by the degeneration of retinal neural tissue and microvascular abnormalities encompassing ischemia, neovascularization, and blood-retinal barrier breakdown, ultimately leading to blindness. The intricate relationship between the retina and vascular cells constitutes a neurovascular unit, a multi-cellular framework of retinal neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and vascular cells, which facilitates neurovascular coupling, linking neuronal activity to blood flow.

Closure rate and recovery of subfoveal microstructures following conventional internal limiting membrane peeling versus per fluoro octane-assisted inverted flap for large macular holes - A randomized controlled trial (InFlap Study).

Purpose: To analyze the outcomes following conventional internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus perfluoro octane-assisted inverted flap technique for large macular holes (MH).

Methods: A consecutive 99 eyes of 99 patients were enrolled {45 - conventional group and 54 - inverted flap (InFlap) group}. The primary outcome was a difference in closure rate.

Aqueous misdirection syndrome post silicone oil removal in a vitrectomized eye - a case report.

Puropse: Aqueous misdirection syndrome (AMS) is an aggressive post-operative glaucoma unresponsive to conventional measures with grave outcomes. In this report, we describe a rare case of AMS following silicon oil removal in a vitrectomized eye.

Methods: A diabetic patient with tractional retinal detachment underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil injection.

Incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis in India - A multicentric study by VRSI study Group.

Introduction: The incidence of post vitrectomy endophthalmitis (PVE) is reported to be between 0.02 and 0.84%.

Towards a Device Agnostic AI for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: An External Validation Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a validated Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm developed for a smartphone-based camera on images captured using a standard desktop fundus camera to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Participants: Subjects with established diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Images captured on a desktop fundus camera (Topcon TRC-50DX, Japan) for a previous study with 135 consecutive patients (233 eyes) with established diabetes mellitus, with or without DR were analysed by the AI algorithm.

Morphological outcome and indication for laser following intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy for posterior retinopathy of prematurity.

The purpose of this study is to determine the natural course of retinal vascular development and recurrence requiring laser in eyes receiving intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Data of babies receiving IVB for posterior ROP was retrospectively analyzed. Birth weight, gestational age (GA) and post-menstrual age (PMA) at injection, need for laser, retinal maturation, and their timing were recorded.

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage following sutureless scleral-fixated intraocular lens - A case series.

Suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SH) is a rare complication of scleral-fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL). In this series, we report three cases of sutureless SFIOL who developed SH postoperatively. Details of surgery, treatment, and outcome were analyzed.

A Delphi method based consensus statement for surgical management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in India.

Purpose: To derive consensus statements for surgical management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) for vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons.

Methods: Thirteen prolific VR surgeons representing all regions of India were invited to participate in a 42-point questionnaire based on the Delphi methodology describing various surgical scenarios commonly encountered in PDR. Consensus was derived using predefined robust analytics.

Hyperreflective foci as biomarkers for inflammation in diabetic macular edema: Retrospective analysis of treatment naïve eyes from south India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with hyperreflective foci (HRF) in diabetic macular edema (DME) in treatment naïve eyes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 131 eyes of 91 treatment naïve patients with DME. Details of ophthalmological examination with duration of vision loss and systemic parameters were noted.

RetiSurge - Enabling "Dry Lab" vitreoretinal surgical training during COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduction of patient volumes in Ophthalmology. With only emergency surgical procedures being performed with few elective surgical procedures, surgical volumes are at an all-time low. This has resulted in decreased surgical training opportunities for trainee surgeons.

Profile of patients receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections during COVID-19-related lockdown.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact on vision due to delay in presentation of patients requiring intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections, consequent to COVID-19-related travel restrictions.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively of patients who received anti-VEGF injections during four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Visual acuities, indication for treatment were noted along with basic demographic characteristics.

Clinical profile and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment related to trauma in pediatric population.

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of trauma-related rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in pediatric population.

Design: Retrospective observational series.

Participants: All patients under 18 years of age who underwent surgery for RD following trauma from 2010 to 2018.

Outcomes of sutureless and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lens in paediatric population.

Purpose: To analyse the outcomes of sutureless and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lenses (SFIOL) in paediatric population.

Setting: Vitreoretina department of a tertiary eye care institute in Southern India.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Gradual resolution of foveal herniation after epiretinal membrane peeling.

We demonstrate the gradual resolution of foveal herniation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) images after epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal. A young male presented with diminished vision in the left eye (OS). Examination of OS revealed an ERM and thickening of the foveal region.

Antibiotic sensitivity trends of pseudomonas endophthalmitis in a tertiary eye care center in South India: A 12-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess trends in antibiotic sensitivity of pseudomonas and compare multidrug resistance (MDR) between Pseudomonas endophthalmitis cases presenting in two consecutive 6-year time frames in a tertiary center in South India.

Methods: This is a retrospective comparative series of all Pseudomonas endophthalmitis cases treated from June 2004 to May 2016. Microbiological culture results in all endophthalmitis patients were screened for pseudomonas.