Biosynthesis of Cytidine Diphosphate-6-d-Glucitol for the Capsular Polysaccharides of .

is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium commonly found in chickens and is the leading cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide. The various serotypes of produce structurally distinct capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) on the exterior surfaces of the cell wall. The capsular polysaccharide from serotype HS:5 is composed of a repeating sequence of d--d--heptose and d-glucitol-6-phosphate.

Biosynthesis of UDP-α--Acetyl-dmannosaminuronic Acid and CMP-β--Acetyl-d-neuraminic Acid for the Capsular Polysaccharides of .

is a human pathogen and a leading cause of food poisoning in North America and Europe. The exterior surface of the bacterial cell wall is attached to a polymeric coat of sugar molecules known as the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that helps protect the organism from the host immune response. The CPS is composed of a repeating sequence of common and unusual sugar residues.

Metabolic Pathways for the Biosynthesis of Heptoses Used in the Construction of Capsular Polysaccharides in the Human Pathogen .

is the leading cause of food poisoning in North America. The exterior surface of this bacterium is coated with a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that consists of a repeating sequence of 2-5 different carbohydrates that is anchored to the outer membrane. Heptoses of various configurations are among the most common monosaccharides that have been identified within the CPS.

Role of steroid on management of limb swelling and local pain in haematotoxic snake bite.

Introduction: Local Pain and swelling in the biting area of haematotoxic snake bite victims are very common symptoms. This study was conducted to retrospectively observe the effect of oral Tab Prednisolone on a short-term basis as an add-on therapy of haematotoxic snake bite management in respect of Local Pain and swelling recovery.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal among 36 haematotoxic snake bite victims, admitted from February 2020 to January 2021.

Biosynthesis of 3,6-Dideoxy-heptoses for the Capsular Polysaccharides of .

is the leading cause of food poisoning in the United States. Surrounding the exterior surface of this bacterium is a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that helps protect the organism from the host immune system. The CPS is composed of a repeating sequence of common and unusual sugar residues, including relatively rare heptoses.

Bifunctional Epimerase/Reductase Enzymes Facilitate the Modulation of 6-Deoxy-Heptoses Found in the Capsular Polysaccharides of .

is a human pathogen and the leading cause of food poisoning in the United States and Europe. Surrounding the exterior surface of this bacterium is a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that consists of a repeating sequence of common and unusual carbohydrate segments. At least 10 different heptose sugars have thus far been identified in the various strains of .

Product Specificity of C4-Reductases in the Biosynthesis of GDP-6-Deoxy-Heptoses during Capsular Polysaccharide Formation in .

is the leading cause of food poisoning in the United States and Europe. A capsular polysaccharide that coats the exterior of the bacterium helps evade the host immune system. At least 33 different strains of have been identified, and the chemical structures of 12 different capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) have been characterized from various serotypes.

C3- and C3/C5-Epimerases Required for the Biosynthesis of the Capsular Polysaccharides from .

is a human pathogen and one of the leading causes of food poisoning in Europe and the United States. The outside of the bacterium is coated with a capsular polysaccharide that assists in the evasion of the host immune system. Many of the serotyped strains of contain a 6-deoxy-heptose moiety that is biosynthesized from GDP-d--d--heptose by the successive actions of a 4,6-dehydratase, a C3/C5-epimerase, and a C4-reductase.

Reaction Mechanism and Three-Dimensional Structure of GDP-d-glycero-α-d-manno-heptose 4,6-Dehydratase from .

is a human pathogen and a leading cause of food poisoning in the United States and Europe. Surrounding the outside of the bacterium is a carbohydrate coat known as the capsular polysaccharide. Various strains of have different sequences of unusual sugars and an assortment of decorations.

F Electron-Nuclear Double Resonance Reveals Interaction between Redox-Active Tyrosines across the α/β Interface of Ribonucleotide Reductase.

Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, thereby playing a key role in DNA replication and repair. class Ia RNR is an αβ enzyme complex that uses a reversible multistep radical transfer (RT) over 32 Å across its two subunits, α and β, to initiate, using its metallo-cofactor in β, nucleotide reduction in α. Each step is proposed to involve a distinct proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) process.

Influence of noise-binding energy interplay on the second and third-order nonlinear optical properties of impurity doped quantum dots.

We inspect the role of binding energy (BE) on second-order and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of doped quantum dot (QD). In the study ample stress is given on understanding the role of noise on the manifestations of these NLO properties. The profiles of these NLO properties are analyzed mainly on the basis of variation of two important criteria viz.

Influence of noise-binding energy interplay on DC-Kerr effect and electro-absorption coefficient of impurity doped quantum dots.

Present investigation focuses on analyzing the role of on the related to , and of quantum dot (QD) contaminated with impurity under the active presence of . The dopant impurity is modeled by a Gaussian potential. The noise-BE interplay does not give rise to any new interesting feature in case of CF from that in absence of noise.

Tuning diamagnetic susceptibility of impurity doped quantum dots by noise-binding energy interplay.

In the present work we explore the role of on the of doped quantum dot (QD). has been invoked for the above exploration. And Gaussian impurity acts as a dopant in the present study.

Structural Basis for Superoxide Activation of Flavobacterium johnsoniae Class I Ribonucleotide Reductase and for Radical Initiation by Its Dimanganese Cofactor.

A ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) from Flavobacterium johnsoniae ( Fj) differs fundamentally from known (subclass a-c) class I RNRs, warranting its assignment to a new subclass, Id. Its β subunit shares with Ib counterparts the requirements for manganese(II) and superoxide (O) for activation, but it does not require the O-supplying flavoprotein (NrdI) needed in Ib systems, instead scavenging the oxidant from solution. Although Fj β has tyrosine at the appropriate sequence position (Tyr 104), this residue is not oxidized to a radical upon activation, as occurs in the Ia/b proteins.

Study of Vitamin B deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in metformin-treated early Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Long-term therapy with metformin was shown to decrease the Vitamin B level and manifested as peripheral neuropathy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of Vitamin B deficiency in early Type 2 diabetic patients (duration ≤5 years or drug treatment ≤3 years) and the relationship among metformin exposure and levels of cobalamin (Cbl), folic acid, and homocysteine (Hcy) with severity of peripheral neuropathy.

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study involving randomly selected ninety patients (male 56, female 34) between age groups of 35 and 70 years, comparing those who had received >6 months of metformin (Group A) ( = 35) with those without metformin (Group B) ( = 35) and patients taking metformin with other oral hypoglycemic agent (Group C) ( = 20).

Correlation of intracranial atherosclerosis with carotid stenosis in ischemic stroke patients.

Introduction: Carotid stenosis is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, the effect of carotid stenosis on the site of stroke is still under investigation.

Aims: This study aimed to elucidate how the presence of carotid stenosis influenced the pattern of stroke and also how it interacted with other risk factors for stroke.

Prevalence of Skin Changes in Diabetes Mellitus and its Correlation with Internal Diseases: A Single Center Observational Study.

Background And Aim: This single-center observational cross-sectional study has been done in an attempt to find out the prevalence of various skin manifestations in diabetes patients (DM) and their correlation with diabetes control and complications.

Materials And Methods: Skin manifestations present over 12 months among those attend diabetes clinic were included in the study. Apart from demographic data and type, patients were also screened for micro vascular complications and control of diabetes over last 3 months.

A commonly overlooked motor neuron disease mimicker.

Unlabelled: Motor neuron disease (MND) is a progressive devastating neurodegenerative disease, which universally progresses towards death. Hence, every attempt should be made to find out if there are any treatable conditions, which can mimic MND. Herein, we describe a case of hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism confused as MND and subsequently cured with parathyroid surgery.

Mechanism of copper incorporation in subunit II of cytochrome C oxidase from Thermus thermophilus: identification of intermediate species.

Detailed spectroscopic and kinetic studies of incorporation of copper ion in the wild type (WT) and the D111AA (AA = K, N, or E) mutants of the metal ion binding site of the soluble fragment of subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus (TtCuA) showed the formation of at least two distinct intermediates. The global analyses of the multiwavelength kinetic results suggested a four-step reaction scheme involving two distinct intermediates in the pathway of incorporation of copper ions into the apoprotein forming the purple dinuclear CuA. An early intermediate similar to the red copper binding proteins was detected in the WT as well as in all the mutants.

Role of the surface-exposed leucine 155 in the metal ion binding loop of the CuA domain of cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus on the function and stability of the protein.

The role of Leu155 in the metal ion binding loop in the soluble CuA binding domain of subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase from Thermus thermophilus (TtCuA) was investigated by site-specific mutations of this residue to arginine (L155R) and glutamic acid (L155E). The UV-visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra suggested that the Cu(2)S(2) core of TtCuA was almost unchanged by the mutations. The redox potential of the metal center in the L155R mutant was ~20 mV higher than that in the WT protein, while that of the L155E mutant was almost the same as that of the wild type (WT-TtCuA).

Vibrational dynamics and structural investigation of 2,2'-dipyridylketone using Raman, IR and UV-visible spectroscopy aided by ab initio and density functional theory calculation.

Detailed investigation on the vibrational and electronic spectra has been carried out in order to study various properties of 2,2'-dipyridylketone molecule in its ground and excited electronic states. To get insight into the structural and symmetry features of the molecule, Raman excitation profiles of several normal modes have been analyzed. The polarized Raman spectra in different environments along with their IR counterpart have been critically surveyed and different normal modes have been assigned.