Is Full Scrubbing Necessary Before Short Endourological Procedures to Reduce the Risk of Post-Operative Infection? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Endoscopic surgery is now increasingly taking the place of open surgery in urology. Traditionally, endourological procedures are classified as clean-contaminated because the genitourinary tract is colonized by micro-flora, even in the case of sterile urine. The aim of this study was to determine whether a difference occurs in the infection rate after short endourological procedures using standard scrubbing and partial scrubbing techniques before the operations.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic and wearing face masks on ophthalmology practice: What is known so far? A narrative review.

Face masks, along with other preventive measures, can help slow the spread of COVID-19. Despite the positive effect of the mask in combating the virus, it has some negative effects on the human body that must be followed up on and reduced. In this study, we discuss the impact of wearing face masks on the eye and the common issues associated with using them.

Disease characteristics, determinants, and perception of use of sunscreen and sun-protective behaviors among patients of color with melasma: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Melasma is an acquired state of hyperpigmentation that most commonly affects the face. The use of sunscreen is essential in melasma treatment. We sought to investigate patients' perspectives and behaviors toward sunscreen usage.