Wastewater treatment using Moringa oleifera (Lam.) and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) as neutral-carbon options within the framework of COP 27 recommendations.

Contamination of water by heavy toxic metal ions such as (e.g., Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As Pb, Cd, and Ag) can lead to serious environmental and human health problems because of their acute and chronic toxicity to the biological system.

Herbal medicine: the magic way crouching microbial resistance.

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses a high level of danger worldwide. Bacterial resistance mechanisms are spreading globally, impeding our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics accelerate microbial resistance to antibiotics.

Morus macroura Miq. Fruit extract protects against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: Novel mechanistic insights on its impact on miRNA-223 and on the TNFα/NFκB/NLRP3 inflammatory axis.

Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-1 containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) inflammatory pathway is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Inversely, miRNA-223 can exert counter-regulatory effect on NLRP3 expression. The mulberry tree (Morus macroura) fruit is attaining increased importance for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in addition to its high safety profile.

Comparison of genomic and antigenic properties of Newcastle Disease virus genotypes II, XXI and VII from Egypt do not point to antigenic drift as selection marker.

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian orthoavulavirus type-1 (NDV), is endemic in poultry in many regions of the world and causes continuing outbreaks in poultry populations. In the Middle East, genotype XXI, used to be present in poultry in Egypt but has been replaced by genotype VII. We investigated whether virus evolution contributed to superseding and focussed on the antigenic sites within the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) spike protein.

Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N2) Virus in Broiler Chickens, Egypt.

We detected a novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N2) virus in 3 poultry farms in Egypt. The virus carried genome segments of a pigeon H9N2 influenza virus detected in 2014, a nucleoprotein segment of contemporary chicken H9N2 viruses from Egypt, and hemagglutinin derived from the 2.3.

Development of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine for infectious bronchitis virus variant strains circulating in Egypt.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a major disease problem for the poultry industry worldwide. The currently used live-attenuated vaccines have the tendency to mutate and/or recombine with circulating field strains resulting in the emergence of vaccine-derived variant viruses. In order to circumvent these issues, and to develop a vaccine that is more relevant to Egypt and its neighboring countries, a recombinant avirulent Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strain LaSota was constructed to express the codon-optimized S glycoprotein of the Egyptian IBV variant strain IBV/Ck/EG/CU/4/2014 belonging to GI-23 lineage, that is prevalent in Egypt and in the Middle East.

Complete genome sequences of two avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Egypt: Evidence for genetic drift and genetic recombination in the circulating viruses.

Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is highly prevalent in chicken populations and is responsible for severe economic losses to poultry industry worldwide. In this study, we report the complete genome sequences of two IBV field strains, CU/1/2014 and CU/4/2014, isolated from vaccinated chickens in Egypt in 2014. The genome lengths of the strains CU/1/2014 and CU/4/2014 were 27,615 and 27,637 nucleotides, respectively.

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of the volatile constituents from the aerial parts of Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) and Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl grown in Egypt.

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Nephrolepis exaltata and Nephrolepis cordifolia obtained by hydro-distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The essential oils exhibited potential antibacterial and antifungal activities against a majority of the selected microorganisms. NEA oil showed promising cytotoxicity in breast, colon and lung carcinoma cells.

DFT calculations, spectroscopic, thermal analysis and biological activity of Sm(III) and Tb(III) complexes with 2-aminobenzoic and 2-amino-5-chloro-benzoic acids.

The complexes of Sm(III) and Tb(III) with 2-aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid, AA) and 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid (5-chloroanthranilic acid, AACl) were synthesized and characterized based on elemental analysis, IR and mass spectroscopy. The data are in accordance with 1:3 [Metal]:[Ligand] ratio. On the basis of the IR analysis, it was found that the metals were coordinated to bidentate anthranilic acid via the ionised oxygen of the carboxylate group and to the nitrogen of amino group.

Flavonoids with acetylated branched glycans and bioactivity of Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze leaf extract.

The new acetylated kaempferol tetraglycoside, kaempferol-3-O-[2″(4-acetylrhamnopyranosyl)-3″-galactopyranosyl] robinobioside (1), was isolated from the aqueous methanolic leaf extract of Tipuana tipu Benth. The known kaempferol 3-[2″-(4-acetyl-rhamnosyl)] robinobioside (2), kaempferol 3-O-2″-rhamnopyranosylrutinoside (3), rutin (4), kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (5), kaempferol 3-O-glucopyranoside (6), kaempferol 3-O-galactopyranoside (7), quarcetin 3-O-glucopyranoside (8), kaempferol (9) and quercetin (10) together with the chlorogenic acid (11) were also isolated and characterised. Structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis including (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, 2D NMR and ESI-MS.

Two new flavonol glycosides and biological activities of Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss.

Two new flavonol glycosides, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside-4'-O-β-xylopyranoside (1) and kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside -4'-O-β-xylopyranoside (2), were isolated from the defatted aqueous methanol extract of the whole plant Diplotaxis harra along with 12 known flavonols (3-14). They were characterised by chemical and spectral methods. The 70% aqueous methanol, chloroform and defatted aqueous methanol plant extracts exhibited significant antioxidant effects (nitroblue tetrazolium reduction method).

Serological surveillance reveals widespread influenza A H7 and H9 subtypes among chicken flocks in Egypt.

Multiple avian influenza viruses' subtypes are circulating worldwide possessing serious threat to human populations and considered key contributors to the emergence of human influenza pandemics. This study aimed to identify the potential existence of H7 and H9 avian influenza infections circulating among chicken flocks in Egypt. Serum samples were collected from chicken flocks that experienced respiratory distresses and/or variable mortality rates.

Isolation and mutation trend analysis of influenza A virus subtype H9N2 in Egypt.

Background: Avian influenza virus H9N2 is a panzootic pathogen that affects poultry causing mild to moderate respiratory distress but has been associated with high morbidity and considerable mortality. Interspecies transmission of H9N2 from avian species to mammalian hosts does occur. The virus possesses human virus-like receptor specificity and it can infect humans producing flu-like illness.

Emergence of a novel genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Egypt.

Five avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates were isolated from broiler chickens showing respiratory and renal lesions. The isolated strains were characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the hypervariable region 3 of the S1 spike glycoprotein gene. Three out of five isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic group with the Egypt/Beni-Suef/01 variant (Var 1).

Genetic drift evolution under vaccination pressure among H5N1 Egyptian isolates.

Background: The highly pathogenic H5N1 is a major avian pathogen that intensively affects the poultry industry in Egypt even in spite of the adoption of vaccination strategy. Antigenic drift is among the strategies the influenza virus uses to escape the immune system that might develop due to the pressure of extensive vaccination. H5N1 mutates in an intensified manner and is considered a potential candidate for the possible next pandemic with all the catastrophic consequences such an eventuality will entail.

Identification of Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) immunogens recognized by host humoral immunity and their impact on survival and fecundity.

Insecticide use continues to be the primary control strategy to reduce insect vector populations. Concerns about insecticide resistance in target organisms, environmental degradation, and possible deleterious impact on human health have led researchers to seek a variety of alternative control strategies. We tested a relatively new method for controlling mosquitoes using host immune response.

1H-NMR assay of papaverine hydrochloride and formulations.

A precise and specific 1H-NMR method has been developed for the assay of papaverine hydrochloride (1) as a bulk drug, as well as in tablet and injection dosage forms. The assay depends upon the integration of the 12 protons of the four methoxy groups of 1 relative to that of the three methyl protons of acetanilide (internal standard). In addition to the accurate quantitative determination of 1, the method provides a specific means of identifying 1 as well as detecting other alkaloids or impurities.

Acylated flavonol diglucosides from Lotus polyphyllos.

Three acylated flavonol diglucosides, kaempferol 3-O-beta-(6"-O-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-7-O-beta-glucoside; quercetin 3-O-beta-(6"-O-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-7-O-beta-glucoside; isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-(6"-O-E-p-coumaroylglucoside)-7-O-beta-glucoside were isolated from the whole plant aqueous alcohol extract of Lotus polyphyllos. The known 3,7-di-O-glucosides of the aglycones kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were also characterized. All structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.