Correction: In vivo study on the repair of rat Achilles tendon injury treated with non-thermal atmospheric-pressure helium microplasma jet.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

In Situ Observation of Orientational Ordering in Polyimide Triboelectric Generators by Using Optical Second-Harmonic Generation Measurement.

By using in situ optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurement, dynamical changing of polar molecular orientations caused by mechanical rubbing of polyimide triboelectric generators is observed. The polar orientational order is enhanced during rubbing, which relaxes with the time constant τ = 7.1 s.

Corrosion behavior of Zr-14Nb-5Ta-1Mo alloy in simulated body fluid.

Metals that are used to reconstruct skeletal structures often interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) owing to differences in magnetic susceptibility; consequently, metals with lower magnetic susceptibilities need to be developed for use in implant devices. Herein, we investigated the corrosion properties of the Zr-14Nb-5Ta-1Mo alloy, which exhibits low magnetic susceptibility and excellent mechanical properties. The pitting potential of Zr-14Nb-5Ta-1Mo was higher than that of pure Zr.

Effect of Partial Substitution of Zr for Ti Solvent on Young's Modulus, Strength, and Biocompatibility in Beta Ti Alloy.

In orthopedics and dentistry, there is an urgent need to obtain low-stiffness implants that suppress the stress shielding caused by the use of metallic implants. In this study, we aimed to fabricate alloys that can reduce the stiffness by increasing the strength while maintaining a low Young's modulus based on the metastable β-Ti alloy. We designed alloys in which Ti was partially replaced by Zr based on the ISO-approved metastable β-Ti alloy Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al.

Parathyroid hormone promotes induction of beige adipocytes and reversibly ameliorates muscle quality and atrophy following chronic rotator cuff tear in a rat model.

Background: Fatty infiltration (FI) and muscle atrophy (MA) in the rotator cuff muscles following rotator cuff tears (RCT) persist postrepair, increasing the risk of re-tears. Brown adipocyte-like "beige adipocytes" are expected to have a therapeutic effect on intramuscular FI and MA due to their lipolytic activity and the muscle regenerative effects of their secreted factors. However, whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) ameliorates the already advanced FI and MA remains unknown.

Electrode process of mobile ions in generating space-charge polarization.

Macroscopic dipole moments formed in electrolytic cells influence dielectric properties of the cells, and their magnitudes can be quantified by dielectric spectroscopy. We analyze the dielectric spectra observed for dilute electrolytic cells in low-frequency regions from two perspectives: space-charge polarization and diffuse double layers on the electrodes. The difference between the two polarization phenomena is characterized by the effective dielectric constant and the kinetic parameter introduced in the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model.

Bone mineral density around cementless short stems after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: changes over time and its relationship to stem positioning.

Background: There are numerous reports of bone adaptation observed on plain radiography studies after the use of cementless short stems in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. However, reports on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) around the stem using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) are prominently absent. In the present study, we measured BMD around the stem using DEXA and investigated changes over time from postoperative year 1 to year 2.

Reliability and validity of a new deltoid muscle area measurement method after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Accurate deltoid muscle assessment after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is difficult using magnetic resonance imaging due to metal artifacts. We hypothesized that measuring the deltoid muscle area (DA) in the middle part of the deltoid's total length postoperatively would reduce metal artifacts and allow for an accurate assessment. This study aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of magnetic resonance imaging and evaluate its impact on postoperative outcomes.

Assessment of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Central Sensitization Related to Shoulder Osteoarthritis and Rotator Cuff Tears Using the Central Sensitization Inventory: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shoulder Surgery Patients.

Shoulder disorders occasionally cause intractable pain. Central sensitization (CS) may be involved in such pain. Identifying risk factors associated with CS is crucial for effective pain control.

Parathyroid Hormone Inhibits Fatty Infiltration and Muscle Atrophy After Rotator Cuff Tear by Browning of Fibroadipogenic Progenitors in a Rodent Model.

Background: Progressive fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears lead to tendon repair failure and poor outcomes. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are involved in fatty infiltration and muscle homeostasis of skeletal muscle. Inducing FAP differentiation into brown adipocyte-like "beige adipocytes" suppresses fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy.

Impact of constrained humeral liner on impingement-free range of motion and impingement type in reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a computer simulation.

Background: Dislocation is a major complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The humeral liner may be changed to a constrained type when stability does not improve by increasing glenosphere size or lateralization with implants, and patients, particularly women with obesity, have risks of periprosthetic instability that may be secondary to hinge adduction on the thorax, but there are few reports on its impact on the range of motion (ROM). This study aimed to determine the influence of humeral liner constraint on impingement-free ROM and impingement type using an RSA computer simulation model.

Three Distinct Polar Phases, Isotropic, Nematic, and Smectic-A Phases, Formed from a Fluoro-Substituted Dimeric Molecule with Large Dipole Moment.

A dimeric molecule, di-5(3FM-C4T), with fluoro-substituted mesogenic cores composed of three-aromatic rings and linked by a pentamethylene spacer is prepared. Di-5(3FM-C4T) forms the ferroelectric nematic (N), ferroelectric smectic-A (SmAP), and polar isotropic (Iso) phases. The N phase is composed of molecules in U-shaped conformation that behave like polar rod-like molecules.

Deep learning-based screening tool for rotator cuff tears on shoulder radiography.

Background: Early diagnosis of rotator cuff tears is essential for appropriate and timely treatment. Although radiography is the most used technique in clinical practice, it is difficult to accurately rule out rotator cuff tears as an initial imaging diagnostic modality. Deep learning-based artificial intelligence has recently been applied in medicine, especially diagnostic imaging.

Comparison of cost, surgical time, and clinical results between arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair with lateral cortical augmentation and arthroscopic transosseous equivalent suture bridge: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: To reduce the healthcare burden, the clinical results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and the cost of the implants used have recently been focused upon. This study compared implant cost, surgical time, short-term clinical results, and cuff repair integrity 2 years postoperatively between arthroscopic transosseous rotator cuff repair using lateral cortical augmentation (TOA) and arthroscopic transosseous-equivalent suture bridge (TOE).

Methods: This study included 220 patients with rotator cuff repairs performed by a single surgeon between December 2013 and December 2018.

Comparison of short-term clinical outcomes and radiographic changes in Grammont reverse shoulder arthroplasty between the French and Japanese populations: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Although Grammont-style reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) showed excellent clinical results in Europe, its utility for Asian populations remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the French and Japanese populations in terms of range of motion (ROM), functional outcomes, and scapular notching rates in patients who underwent standard Grammont-style RSA. We hypothesized that RSA for the Japanese population may not provide as good ROM and functional results at the final follow-up as that for the French population.

Spontaneous Polarization Characteristics in Polar Smectic Phases of Fluoro-Substituted Bent-Shaped Dimeric Molecules.

Three kinds of bent-shaped dimeric molecules are synthesized by fluorine substitution of C16 molecules, and influences of the substitution on the polar smectic phases are examined. The fluorine-substituted C16 molecules form the SmAP and SmCP phases. The transition temperatures decrease by 20-30 °C without significantly changing the temperature span of the smectic phase, and the switching rates to the ferroelectric state become 5-10 μs, which are fairly shorter than 250 μs of C16.

Ten-year trends in vertical distribution of radiocesium in Fukushima forest soils, Japan.

To elucidate interannual changes in the vertical distribution of Cs in forest ecosystems contaminated by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, we investigated Cs inventories in forest soils (both organic and mineral soil horizons) at 10 sampling plots with different Cs deposition levels and dominant species for up to 10 years after the accident. We examined the temporal variation of the Cs inventories by depth with exponential regression models (assuming that the transition and partitioning of Cs are still active) and exponential offset regression models (assuming a shift to a stable Cs distribution, defined as the "quasi-equilibrium steady-state" in the Chernobyl accident). In the organic horizon, the Cs inventories were exponentially decreasing, and it might take more time to converge in the quasi-equilibrium steady-state at most plots.

Band structures of passive films on titanium in simulated bioliquids determined by photoelectrochemical response: principle governing the biocompatibility.

The band structures and band gap energies, , of passive films formed on titanium (Ti) in simulated bioliquids, Hanks' solution (Hanks) and saline, were evaluated. Ti was polarized at 0, -0.1, and -0.