Measuring the Electrical Resistivity of Liquid Iron to 1.4 Mbar.

We determined the electrical resistivity of liquid Fe to 135 GPa and 6680 K using a four-probe method in a diamond-anvil cell combined with two novel techniques: (i) enclosing a molten Fe in a sapphire capsule, and (ii) millisecond time-resolved simultaneous measurements of the resistance, x-ray diffraction, and temperature of instantaneously melted Fe. Our results show the minimal temperature dependence of the resistivity of liquid Fe and its anomalous resistivity decrease around 50 GPa, likely associated with a gradual magnetic transition, both in agreement with previous ab initio calculations.

A second Warburg-like effect in cancer metabolism: The metabolic shift of glutamine-derived nitrogen: A shift in glutamine-derived nitrogen metabolism from glutaminolysis to de novo nucleotide biosynthesis contributes to malignant evolution of cancer.

Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for life. Glucose as a carbon source and glutamine as a nitrogen source are important nutrients for cell proliferation. About 100 years ago, it was discovered that cancer cells that have acquired unlimited proliferative capacity and undergone malignant evolution in their host manifest a cancer-specific remodeling of glucose metabolism (the Warburg effect).

Laboratory-based x-ray computed tomography for 3D imaging of samples in a diamond anvil cell in situ at high pressures.

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of a material under pressure can provide a great deal of information about its physical and chemical properties. We developed a technique combining in-house x-ray computed tomography (XCT) and a diamond anvil cell to observe the 3D geometry of a sample in situ at high pressure with a spatial resolution of about 610 nm. We realized observations of the 3D morphology and its evolution in minerals up to a pressure of 55.

A shift in glutamine nitrogen metabolism contributes to the malignant progression of cancer.

Glucose metabolism is remodeled in cancer, but the global pattern of cancer-specific metabolic changes remains unclear. Here we show, using the comprehensive measurement of metabolic enzymes by large-scale targeted proteomics, that the metabolism both carbon and nitrogen is altered during the malignant progression of cancer. The fate of glutamine nitrogen is shifted from the anaplerotic pathway into the TCA cycle to nucleotide biosynthesis, with this shift being controlled by glutaminase (GLS1) and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (PPAT).

A fail-safe system to prevent oncogenesis by senescence is targeted by SV40 small T antigen.

Whereas large T antigen (LT) of simian virus 40 (SV40) promotes oncogenesis by inactivating the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb, SV40 small T antigen (ST) has been thought to be dispensable for this process. However, here we show that LT promotes both oncogenic growth and senescence in human cells expressing oncogenic Ras and that this latter effect is antagonized by ST. Inactivation of p53 by LT alone promoted the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), whereas the additional expression of ST attenuated this phenotype, allowing cells to avoid oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and thereby promoting efficient oncogenesis.

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial of Yokukansan for neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

Aim: Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). The present study is the first double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy and safety of YKS for the treatment of BPSD in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A total of 22 sites consisting of clinics, hospitals and nursing homes participated.

[Challenges faced by psychiatric services in Miyagi Prefecture after the Great East Japan Earthquake].

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, the number of patients with onset, relapse, and exacerbation of mental disorders was expected to increase in Miyagi Prefecture, one of the worst affected areas. The functioning of almost all psychiatric hospitals sharply declined or even ceased. This situation worsened with traffic congestion and crippled public transportation, hindering many patients with psychiatric disorders from accessing mental health services.

[Diagnosing the mild cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer's disease].

Recently, it has become important to diagnose Alzheimer's Disease (AD) at an early stage due to the development of AD therapy. Also, there is increasing recognition of a class of elderly people with complaints of memory loss but who nevertheless do not meet the criteria for dementia. "Mild cognitive impairment" (MCI) is the term used for this disorder, and amnestic MCI is highly converted to AD.