Publications by authors named "Manabu Iwadate"
Article Synopsis
- Researchers conducted a study to explore the connection between thyroid autoantibodies (Tabs) and the clinical profiles of young patients (ages 3-29) with thyroid nodules, using data from 3,018 participants in the Fukushima Health Management Survey.
- The study discovered that Tabs were found in 13.9% of participants, with higher rates in females, those with diffuse goiter, and those diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
- Findings indicate that Tab positivity is linked to larger thyroid sizes, the presence of diffuse goiter and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and high TSH levels, suggesting that testing for Tabs could enhance assessment methods for thyroid function and cancer detection in younger patients with nodules.
Context: Examining how overweight/obesity impacts thyroid nodule development in children and adolescents by sex and age can speculate on the mechanism.
Objective: We examined whether overweight in children and adolescents are associated with thyroid nodule development by sex and age.
Design: Approximately 300,000 participants who underwent thyroid ultrasonography in the Fukushima Health Management Survey after a nuclear accident were enrolled.
[A Patient with Cancer of Unknown Primary Who Responded to Chemotherapy].
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho
February 2024
Cancer of unknown primary is a class of malignant tumors, histologically identified as metastatic lesions whose primary origin is unknown despite adequate investigations for the primary tumor. Although the prognosis of cancer of unknown primary is generally poor, here, we report our experience with a patient who responded to chemotherapy. The patient was a 78-year-old woman.
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- The primary cause of diffuse thyroid goiter is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, which is important for children's growth and development.
- A study analyzed data from over 320,000 participants aged 1-23 to investigate the connections between diffuse goiter, thyroid volume, and body measurements, finding that diffuse goiter is more common in females as they age.
- Results indicated that higher body mass index (BMI) and the presence of nodules are linked to an increased prevalence of diffuse goiter, particularly reflecting age-related trends in younger populations.
Article Synopsis
- Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster, thyroid ultrasound examinations were conducted for residents under 18, revealing an unexpectedly high rate of pediatric thyroid cancer.* -
- A study assessed the biological effects of radiation using translocated chromosome aberrations in three groups: thyroid cancer patients, those with thyroid-related diseases, and healthy controls.* -
- Initial findings showed higher rates of chromosome aberrations in thyroid cancer patients, but differences vanished after considering previous CT scans, highlighting the impact of medical imaging on radiation exposure in young individuals.*
Article Synopsis
- * It was found that 39.4% of patients had PD-L1 positive expression, which was linked to lower T cell activation (SI levels) and associated with the presence of mutations in 72.7% of patients.
- * The research suggests that high levels of PD-L1, along with CD8+ expression and mutation status, may serve as significant prognostic indicators for survival in thyroid cancer patients, especially in relation to progression-free survival.
Article Synopsis
- The Fukushima Prefecture introduced a Thyroid Ultrasound Examination program for residents aged 0-18 to address health concerns associated with radiation exposure after the earthquake.
- A total of 242,065 individuals were surveyed, revealing varying detection rates of thyroid cancer across four regions, with notable differences based on sex, age, and the timing of surveys.
- The study highlighted potential biases in participation and diagnostic processes, emphasizing that these confounding factors should be taken into account in future research on thyroid cancer detection rates.
We previously described the thyroid volume, which was calculated by measuring the thyroid width, thickness, and longitudinal length using ultrasonography, in children and adolescents. We have proposed a simplified method for quantitatively assessing the thyroid size, to overcome the inaccuracy and challenges in measuring the longitudinal length of the thyroid. Based on measurements of 317,847 (girls: 156,913, boys: 160,934) children and adolescents, we calculated sex-specific means and standard deviations of thyroid width and thickness, and of the cross-sectional area computed by multiplying them, for every age and 0.
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- The study examined the incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents in Fukushima Prefecture after the 2011 nuclear disaster, using data from three rounds of ultrasound-based surveys.
- A total of 252,502 individuals were included, and 99 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed during the second and third rounds of screenings.
- Results showed no significant spatial clustering or correlation between thyroid cancer rates and radiation exposure, indicating no statistical support for a geographic link to radiation dose in thyroid cancer incidence.
Article Synopsis
- The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and the resulting tsunami led to a nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, causing significant radioactive contamination.
- In response to health concerns, especially for children aged 0-18, Fukushima launched the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program to detect thyroid nodules and cysts.
- Findings indicated that while some cases were diagnosed as malignant, the increased childhood thyroid cancer rates were likely due to improved detection methods rather than radiation exposure, highlighting issues with overdiagnosis and the need for psychological support for families.
Article Synopsis
- Low thyrotropin (TSH) levels were observed in children and adolescents with thyroid nodules, contrasting the adult trend where high TSH levels are a risk factor for nodules.
- The study involved analyzing thyroid hormone responsiveness in 4,955 participants, particularly focusing on young individuals (6-20 years) with and without thyroid nodules.
- Findings indicated that the responsiveness of TSH to thyroid hormones decreases with age and varies by sex, with significant associations between low TSH and the presence of nodules noticed in participants aged 12 to 17.
The thyroid ultrasound examination (TUE) program was initiated among the residents of Fukushima Prefecture aged ≤18 years at the time of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. In this program, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed only in cases that conformed to the Japanese guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules. To analyze the suitability of the protocol in the TUE, we analyzed the implementation rate of FNAC and the detection rate of thyroid malignancy.
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- The study examines the impact of the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program in Fukushima, highlighting the creation of a Thyroid Support Team aimed at alleviating anxiety for examinees and their families.
- An analysis of 223 records shows that common concerns during first visits include the TUE program and examination findings, with the support team providing essential information and reassurance.
- Results indicate that psychosocial support successfully reduced anxiety levels for both examinees and their families, with family members typically experiencing higher anxiety, highlighting the need for ongoing support amid changing social conditions.
Article Synopsis
- * This study compared the tumor characteristics of PTCs from Chernobyl-exposed patients in Ukraine to those in Fukushima and other Japanese regions, including various age groups in the analysis.
- * Ukrainian radiogenic PTCs showed greater invasiveness and distinct morphological features compared to sporadic cases, particularly in children, while no significant differences were found between the Japanese PTC groups, aside from a higher male proportion in the cohort.
Background: Thyroid ultrasound screening for children aged 0 to 18 years was performed in Fukushima following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. As a result, many thyroid cancer cases were detected. To explore the carcinogenic mechanisms of these cancers, we analyzed their clinicopathological and genetic features.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident occurred on March 11 2011, following the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Radioactive materials, including I-131, were released into the environment after the accident. Shortly after, the prefectural government initiated the Fukushima Health Management Survey for monitoring the long-term health conditions of the residents of Fukushima Prefecture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Thyrotoxicosis is common disorder among endocrine dysfunctions. It is not rare that the free thyroid hormone level exceeds the measurement range of immunoassay. Such extreme high concentration of free thyroid hormone is generally considered to be impossible to measure correctly because of changes in the balance between free hormones and binding proteins by dilution of serum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system to categorized anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) was revised.
Methods: The revised system was evaluated using a large database of ATC patients.
Results: A total of 757 patients were analyzed.
The identification of thyroid cancers among children after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident propelled concerns regarding long-term radiation effects on thyroid cancer in children affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Fukushima, Japan. Herein we consider the potential association between absorbed dose in the thyroid and the risk of developing thyroid cancer as detected by ultrasonography on 300 473 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years in Fukushima. The absorbed dose mentioned in the present study indicates the sum of that from external exposure and that from internally deposited radionuclides.
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- The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 led to the establishment of the Thyroid Ultrasound Examination (TUE) program to evaluate health impacts in Fukushima due to radiation exposure.
- A study conducted at Fukushima Medical University identified 11 cases of thyroid cancer that were not detected by the TUE program, representing 5.7% of the total diagnosed cases.
- The characteristics of these "outside" cases were similar to those identified through the TUE program, suggesting that the program is effective in detecting thyroid cancer among residents.
Article Synopsis
- A study conducted on young residents of Fukushima Prefecture following the 2011 nuclear accident revealed a high incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but found no significant changes in tumor characteristics or invasiveness over time.
- The research analyzed histological specimens from 115 patients aged 18 or younger, comparing those treated shortly after the accident to those treated later, and included various age subgroups.
- Findings indicated that while there was a notable decline in intrathyroid spread with increasing age, the lack of significant differences in tumor morphology suggests both early and late-onset PTCs share a common cause, unrelated to low radiation exposure.
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been reported to be associated with poorer prognosis in various malignancies. However, the relationship between CRP and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) remains to be elucidated.
Methods: A total of 45 patients, including 32 patients with preoperative DTC and 13 DTC patients with metastatic disease, were included in the study.
While thyroid is considered to be a dormant organ, when required, it can regenerate through increased cell proliferation. However, the mechanism for regeneration remains unknown. Nkx2-1(fl/fl);TPO-cre mouse thyroids exhibit a very disorganized appearance because their thyroids continuously degenerate and regenerate.
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- - This study highlights that metastatic variants of breast cancer cells are more resistant to radiation compared to the original tumor cells, which is important for understanding treatment strategies for advanced breast cancer.
- - Researchers developed a specific breast cancer cell line and created metastatic variants by using mice to track how the cancer spreads to bones, lungs, and lymph nodes through bioluminescence imaging.
- - The findings reveal that these metastatic cells not only grow and spread more efficiently but also have a higher survival rate when exposed to X-ray treatments, indicating their radioresistance.
Article Synopsis
- Research on thyroid stem/progenitor cells is challenging due to the small size of the thyroid and limited tissue availability, making a continuous source for studying these cells necessary.
- A new cell line called SPTL was established from specific mouse thyroid cells that exhibit stem-like properties, and these cells were characterized using various in vitro and in vivo methods.
- SPTL cells showed some ability to differentiate and express the thyroid marker NKX2-1, but they also had similarities to cancer stem cells, suggesting they could be useful for studying both thyroid development and cancer.