Pharmacokinetics of Edaravone Oral Suspension in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Purpose: Edaravone is a neuroprotective agent approved as an intravenous treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The intravenous administration of edaravone places a burden on patients and there is a clinical need for oral agents for the treatment of ALS. This report aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of an edaravone oral suspension in patients with ALS after oral and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube administration.

Oral edaravone demonstrated a favorable safety profile in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after 48 weeks of treatment.

Introduction/aims: An intravenous (IV) formulation of edaravone has been shown to slow the rate of physical functional decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An oral suspension formulation of edaravone was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with ALS. This study assessed the safety and tolerability of oral edaravone.

Food Effect Study to Assess the Impact on Edaravone Pharmacokinetic Profiles in Healthy Participants.

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of intravenous edaravone, a neuroprotectant used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have been shown in clinical trials. An oral suspension of edaravone has been developed, but the food effect on its pharmacokinetic profile has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess the food effect on the pharmacokinetic profile of edaravone after oral administration and to investigate dosing regimens and administration instructions with different meal intake and timing.

Edaravone Administered Orally and Via Nasogastric Tube in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Bioavailability Phase 1 Study.

Intravenous edaravone is used to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This randomized, open-label, two-way crossover, single-dose phase 1 study compared the relative bioavailability of a newly developed edaravone oral suspension when administered orally and via a nasogastric tube (NGT) as a model of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube administration in healthy adult subjects. Thirty-six subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, with 18 per group.

Bioequivalence Study of Oral Suspension and Intravenous Formulation of Edaravone in Healthy Adult Subjects.

The neuroprotective agent edaravone is an intravenous treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As intravenous administration burdens patients, orally administered treatments are needed. This phase 1, open-label, single-dose crossover study in 42 healthy adults evaluated bioequivalence of a 105-mg edaravone oral suspension and intravenous edaravone (60 mg/60 min).

How is edaravone effective against acute ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Edaravone is a low-molecular-weight antioxidant drug targeting peroxyl radicals among many types of reactive oxygen species. Because of its amphiphilicity, it scavenges both lipid- and water-soluble peroxyl radicals by donating an electron to the radical. Thus, it inhibits the oxidation of lipids by scavenging chain-initiating water-soluble peroxyl radicals and chain-carrying lipid peroxyl radicals.

An assessment of treatment guidelines, clinical practices, demographics, and progression of disease among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan, the United States, and Europe.

Background: There is an increasing clinical research focus on neuroprotective agents in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, it is unclear how generalisable clinical study trial results are between different countries and regions.

Objective: To assess similarities and differences in clinical practice and treatment guidelines for ALS, and also to compare the demographics and rate of progression of disease in patients with ALS enrolled in clinical trials in Japan, the US, and Europe.

Analysis of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: aggressive therapy is a reasonable approach for 'unfit' patients classified by comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Background: The treatment strategy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in elderly patients is problematic. Although several researchers have reported the effectiveness of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and the futility of curative treatment in 'unfit' patients with DLBCL, these propositions are not firmly established.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using a database.

[Alleviated anemia by bendamustine in cold agglutinin disease associated with small lymphocytic lymphoma].

A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with cold agglutinin disease in 2004. He had been treated with prednisolone with stabilization of hemoglobin in the 6- to 8-g/dl range. However, his hemolytic anemia worsened, and computed tomography showed systemic lymphadenopathy in May 2012.

[Acute transverse myelitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia--a case report].

Transverse myelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord that results in motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. Herein, we describe a 40-year-old Japanese female who developed acute transverse myelitis (ATM) after an unrelated bone marrow transplantation for Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in molecular complete remission. Approximately 90 days after transplantation, she suffered from paresthesias, sphincter dysfunction, and lower extremity weakness.

Mechanisms to avoid photoinhibition in a desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune.

A desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune, shows unique responses to dehydration. These responses are: (i) loss of PSII activity in parallel with the loss of photosynthesis; (ii) loss of PSI activity; and (iii) dissipation of light energy absorbed by pigment-protein complexes. In this study, the deactivation of PSII is shown to be important in avoiding photoinhibition when the Calvin-Benson cycle is repressed by dehydration.

Mycobacterial sulfolipid shows a virulence by inhibiting cord factor induced granuloma formation and TNF-alpha release.

Virulence mechanism of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is currently focused to be clarified in the context of cell surface lipid molecule. Comparing two mycobacterial glycolipids, we observed toxicity and prominent granulomatogenic activity of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) injection in mice, evident by delayed body weight gain and histological observations, whereas 2,3,6,6'-tetraacyl trehalose 2'-sulfate (SL) was non-toxic and non-granulomatogenic. Likewise, TDM but not SL caused temporarily, but marked increase of lung indices, indicative of massive granuloma formation.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: successful initial treatment with prednisolone and cyclosporin A.

A case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is reported. A 27-year-old man presented with fever and abdominal swelling. His laboratory examination revealed pancytopenia and liver dysfunction.

[Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

To evaluate the results of high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with diffuse B-cell aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL). Between 1991 and 2004, 25 patients who did not achieve complete remission and 26 in complete remission from conventional chemotherapy received HDC-ASCT. Of 25 patients with refractory NHL,14 were chemotherapy-sensitive before HDT-ASCT and 11 were chemotherapy-resistant.

[VNCOP-B (etoposide, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, predonisolone, bleomycin) therapy in elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma--a study of efficacy and safety, final report].

We experienced the VNCOP-B (etoposide, mitoxantrone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, predonisolone, bleomycin) combination regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in a multicenter study by 6 collaborative institutions. Patients were previously untreated > or = 60 years of age and received prophylactic G-CSF. Twenty patients entered this trial, and all of them were evaluated for feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy.

Deactivation of photosynthetic activities is triggered by loss of a small amount of water in a desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune.

Changes in photosynthetic activities under hypertonic conditions were studied in a terrestrial, highly desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune, and in some desiccation-sensitive cyanobacteria. The amounts of water sustained in the colony matrix outside the N. commune cells and the cellular solute concentration were estimated by measuring the water potential, and the solute concentration was supposed to correspond to around 0.

Wilms tumor gene peptide-based immunotherapy for patients with overt leukemia from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or MDS with myelofibrosis.

The Wilms tumor gene, WT1, is overexpressed not only in leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) but also in various types of solid tumors, including lung and breast cancer, and the WT1 protein is a tumor antigen for these malignancies. In clinical trials of WT1 peptide-based cancer immunotherapy, patients with overt leukemia from MDS or MDS with myelofibrosis were injected intradermally with 0.3 mg of an HLA-A*2402-restricted, 9-mer WT1 peptide emulsified with Montanide ISA51 adjuvant.

[Four cases of spinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

We report four cases with spinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (3 male and 1 female, 33 to 58 years old). On administration, back pain progressing to paraplegia was observed in all cases. Sphincter dysfunction was observed in two cases.

Recovery of photosynthetic systems during rewetting is quite rapid in a terrestrial cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune.

Recovery processes of photosynthetic systems during rewetting were studied in detail in a terrestrial, highly drought-tolerant cyanobacterium, Nostoc commune. With absorption of water, the weight of N. commune colony increased in three phases with half-increase times of about 1 min, 2 h and 9 h.