A fully handwritten-on-paper copper nanoparticle ink-based electroanalytical sweat glucose biosensor fabricated using dual-step pencil and pen approach.

This article reports a facile fabrication of a highly sensitive enzyme-free sweat glucose sensor over Whatman filter paper substrate employing a dual-step pencil and pen approach. Initially, two pencil-drawn electrodes (PDEs) are obtained on the filter paper through the manual abrasion of an 8B graphite pencil. Then, the sensing layer is drawn over one of the PDEs using a custom-made copper (Cu) nanoparticle ink (CuNP-ink) pen to form copper nanoparticle ink decorated PDE (CuNP-ink/PDE) which serves as a working electrode, while the other PDE is drawn with silver conductive ink (Ag-ink) pen to form reference electrode.

Analytical Study of Vocal Vibrato and Mordent of Indian Popular Singers.

Objectives: Two very important ornamentations that singers introduce while singing are vibrato and mordent. Exploring vibrato characteristics of different styles of singing is currently a major interest in musical research. This work presents an analysis of vocal vibrato of Indian pop singers.