The Efficacy of a Newly Developed Cueing Device for Gait Mobility in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: External cues are effective in improving gait in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the most effective cueing method has yet to be determined.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effects of using visual, auditory, or somatosensory cues on their own or in combination during walking compared to no cues in people with PD.

Surface analysis of dental caries using a wireless pH sensor and Raman spectroscopy for chairside diagnosis.

A chairside tool for quantitative analysis of dental caries would improve clinical dental inspections. The wireless caries sensing tool with dental-explorer size has been developed comparing two sensing methods, Raman reading and pH reading for evaluating dental caries. The Raman spectra at 575 cm and 960 cm for in inorganic compounds, as well as 1450 cm and 2940 cm for organic compounds reinforced and supported the pH results.

Impedance analysis of bio-fuel cell electrodes.

To determine the criteria for the selection of an electrode suitable for a bio-fuel cell (BFC), five electrodes, i.e. silver, aluminum, nickel, stainless steel and carbon fiber cloth were investigated.