Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of europium doped BPO nanoparticles; a new approach for Zn (aq) detection.

In this work, europium ion was doped into boron phosphate nanoparticles (BPO) using an ultrasonic method followed by the calcination process. The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Doping of europium ion into the BPO host crystal was proved by cell volume calculation from XRD patterns, the shift in Raman spectra, and photoluminescence properties.