[Preliminary analysis on the prevalence and causes of breakthrough hepatitis B virus infection among children in Shandong province, China].

Objective: To know the prevalence and probable causes of breakthrough hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children born after the introduction of universal infant hepatitis B vaccination in Shandong province, China.

Methods: The subjects of this study were selected from the provincial hepatitis B serosurvey conducted in 2006, who were born between 1992 and 2005 (aged 1-15 years) and were confirmed to have completed three or more doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Finally 3527 subjects were involved in this study and were investigated using a unified question are.

[The analysis of "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus in community-based population of Shandong Province, China].

Objective: To determine the rate and type of "a" dominant mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in community-based population of Shandong province and the possible effect of hepatitis B vaccination upon "a" dominant mutation.

Methods: The anticipants aged 1-59 years were selected by multi-stage random sampling from the general population of Shandong province. Hepatitis B vaccination status was obtained by inquisition (for those over 15 years old) or immunization record (for those under 14 years old).

[Pathogenis surveillance of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Shandong Province in 2007/2008].

Objective: To understander Neisseria meningitides (Nm) and antimicrobial susceptibility through analyzing the pathogens surveillance meningistis (ECM) cases and Nm carrier rate in healthy people in 2008.

Method: Nm strains were isolated, identified and tested of specimens of cerebrospinal fluid and serum were analyzed by real-time.

Results: Seven Nm strains were isolated from ECM cases and close 4 serogroup C.

[Molecular typing of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strains with pulsed field gel electrophoresis in China].

Objective: To study the characteristics of epidemiology and molecular typing on Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strains associated with outbreaks of Anhui province and sporadic cases in China, using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Methods: 212 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strains were isolated from invasive meningococcal cases, close contacts and healthy carriers, including 48 strains from Anhui province with 38 strains associated with serogroup C outbreaks. PFGE were performed by genomic DNA digestion with Nhe I restriction enzyme.

[Analysis on the changing of age patterns among rubella patients after rubella vaccine immunization for children in Shandong Province, China].

Objective: To analyze the changing of age patterns among rubella patients after implementing rubella vaccine immunization to children in Shandong province since 1995.

Methods: Epidemiologic data on rubella through surveillance system for suspected measles from 1999 to 2004 and data on rubella vaccination were used and analyzed.

Results: The annual average incidence rate of rubella from 1999 to 2004 had been 0.

[Epidemiological analysis of cases with rash and fever illness after measles vaccine inoculation during 1999 to 2002 in Shandong province, China].

Objective: To study the incidence of cases with rash and fever illness (RFIs) after measles vaccine (MV) inoculation.

Methods: During 1999 to 2002, 150 RFIs cases reported by the special measles surveillance system in Shandong province, China, were investigated and analyzed epidemiologically.

Results: 7 674 690 ml MV were distributed during 1999 to 2002 and the annual average incidence of RFIs cases after MV inoculation was 0.