A community-based comprehensive intervention to reduce syphilis infection among low-fee female sex workers in China: a matched-pair, community-based randomized study.

Background: Low-fee female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of acquiring and spreading human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in China. There is an urgent need to develop comprehensive intervention measures targeted towards low-fee FSWs to reduce HIV/STD infections. Thus, this study aimed to reduce HIV/STD infections among low-fee FSW through a matched-pair, community-based randomized intervention trial carried out in 12 cities in three provinces in China.

[Evaluation of PIMA analyzer detecting CD4 cell count of venous and capillary blood in HIV-infected individuals].

Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating the utility of the portable CD4 analyzers (PIMA).

Methods: The paired finger prick blood (25 µl) and 5 ml venous blood samples were collected from 196 HIV infected patients, who came to Yunnan CDC voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinic for CD4 test services, from May to August, 2012. The absolute CD4 cell counts were measured by PIMA (using venous and finger-prick blood) and by Calibur (using venous blood) as the reference.

[Estimation on the HIV-1 incidence among high risk groups using the pooling RNA technique].

Objective: To timely identify the HIV-1 infection in window-period and to estimate the HIV-1 incidence among people who came for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service as well as men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively.

Methods: HIV antibody negative samples that were determined by screening tests between January and October 2012, were collected and tested with pooling HIV-1 RNA testing technique (2-staged pooling by 50:1, 10:1). Positive cases were followed-up for HIV antibody testing while HIV incidence was calculated under Ron Brookmeyer' s method, among VCT and MSM populations.

Factors influencing HIV infection in men who have sex with men in China.

To identify risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention interventions. Between December 2011 and August 2012, a case-control study was conducted among MSM who underwent voluntary counselling and testing for HIV. Confirmed HIV-positive MSM were included in the case group, and HIV-negative MSM were included in the control group.

[Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among different populations in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, in 2011].

Objective: To investigate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, in 2011.

Methods: 300 HIV-1 positive plasma samples were collected from Jan. 2011 to May 2011 in Dehong prefecture.

[A comprehensive surveillance on HIV among 1,237 men who have sex with men in thirteen cities of Yunnan].

Objective: To understand the knowledge, risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM) in thirteen cities.

Methods: Target samples were chosen using the snowball-rolling method, with transverse KABP and HIV-antibody testing developed for those MSM in thirteen cities of Yunnan.

Results: A total of 1237 valid questionnaires and 1129 blood samples were collected.

[An epidemiological study on HIV sexual transmission in married spouse in Yunnan province].

Objective: To understand the status of HIV sexual transmission among HIV-sero-discordant spouses and HIV-sero-accordant spouses in Yunnan province, to discuss the related factors and to provide evidence for HIV prevention and control strategy.

Methods: Five places with serious epidemic and 3 moderate ones were voluntarily, randomly selected. According to time sequence, 300 spouses (600 people) with stable marriage were interviewed with questionnaire.

[Survey on the transmission of HIV drug resistance in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2010].

Objective: To study the HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) transmission in Kunming city of Yunnan province in 2010.

Methods: Referring to the guidelines for HIV drug resistance threshold survey (HIVDR-TS) set by WHO, 62 plasma samples of recently reported HIV-infected individuals who were older than 25 years of age, were collected from January to August 2010. Genotyping of pol genetic mutations associated with HIVDR with reverse transcriptional PCR was performed and the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance transmission was evaluated.

[Incidence and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of HIV patients in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province].

Objective: To study the HIV incidence and risk factors among sero-negative spouses of HIV patients in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province.

Methods: A cohort of sero-negative spouses of the HIV patients had been developed and followed up since November, 2005. HIV new infections and related behaviors had been investigated every six months.

[Incidence and risk factors on HIV infection among injection drug users in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province].

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors on HIV infection among injection drug users (IDU) in Dehong prefecture area of Yunnan province.

Methods: An epidemiological cohort of HIV-negative IDU had been developed and followed since October, 2004. HIV new infections and related behaviors had been investigated every six months.

[A dynamic analysis on incidence and trend of HIV-1 epidemics among intravenous drug users, attendants at the STD clinics and pregnant women in Yunnan province, China].

Objective: BED-CEIA assay was used in HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites to identify recent HIV-1 infection, to estimate HIV-1 incidence and to understand the epidemic trends in Yunnan province.

Methods: Serum specimens were collected from IDUs in sentinel sites, attendants in STD clinics and pregnant women under a cross sectional study from 2000 to 2007. Specimens confirmed as HIV-1 positive were tested with BED-CEIA to find recent HIV-1 infection, then the annual HIV-1 incidence for each group was calculated and the trends of HIV-1 incidence observed.

[The analysis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtypes in Yunnan province].

Objective: To analyze the geographical distribution and risk factors of HIV-1 subtypes in Yunnan province.

Methods: Blood samples from 1319 HIV positives were collected in Yunnan Province from 2001 to 2006. The nested polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the gag (p24)-protease fragments from RNA extracted from plasma or sera.

[Analysis of the epidemiologic patterns of HIV transmission in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province].

Objective: To uncover the transmission patterns of the HIV epidemic in Dehong prefecture.

Methods: The reviewed case reports, data of sentinel surveillance, testing and special survey were analyzed by SAS 8.0 program.

The impacts of current antiretroviral therapy regimens on Chinese AIDS patients and their implications for HIV-1 drug resistance mutation.

This study sought to investigate the impacts of the antiretroviral (ARV) therapy regimens currently used in Chinese HIV-1-infected individuals. Seven hundred eighteen ARV-treated and treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals living in seven provinces were enrolled in 2005 by a multistage sampling approach according to a national cross-sectional survey program on HIV-1 drug resistance. All patients were investigated clinically, and CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 viral loads were measured while genotyping for drug resistance was determined by a home brew nested PCR.

[Epidemiology of pediatric HIV infection in six provinces of China].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in six provinces of China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six provinces with the highest HIV prevalence. Surveys on demographics and HIV-related questions (transmission modes, time of diagnosis, clinical stage, laboratory test) were distributed to clinicians in these provinces.

[Analysis for epidemic trend of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Yunnan Province of China].

Objective: To understand epidemiologic characteristics and changes in epidemic trend of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in different areas and populations of Yunnan Province.

Methods: Seroepidemiological studies were conducted in injection drug users (IDUs), women sex workers, whoring goers, patients with sexually transmitted disease (STD), patients with tuberculosis, pregnant women and blood donors with sentinel surveillance, ad hoc investigations, regular case-finding and data collection during 1989 to 2003 in Yunnan Province.

Results: Relatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS was firstly found in IDUs from border areas of the province in 1989.