Carcinosarcoma of the bladder diverticulum and a review of the literature.

We report a carcinosarcoma within a bladder diverticulum together with a review of 18 previously reported cases of intradiverticular sarcomas and carcinosarcomas with respect to their clinical features, treatments and outcomes. Frequent deaths with intra-abdominal recurrences suggest the need for total cystectomy, rather than diverticulectomy.

Supine position is safe and effective for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Background And Purpose: The prone position has been widely adopted in conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Following its introduction in 1998, we changed our routine practice of PCNL from the prone to the supine position, which had numerous benefits and was safe and effective. Tract formation and stone fragmentation and retrieval were accomplished with the patient supine.