Effects of gradient and age on energy expenditure and fat metabolism during aerobic exercise at equal intensity in women.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of gradient and age on energy expenditure and fat metabolism during aerobic exercise at equal intensity in women.

Methods: Thirty women in their twenties (n=15) and fifties (n =15) were enrolled. All subjects performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 10 min at 0% and 6% gradient repeatedly to elicit 50%, 60%, and 70% VO2max.

Endothelial Ca signaling-dependent vasodilation through transient receptor potential channels.

Ca signaling of endothelial cells plays a critical role in controlling blood flow and pressure in small arteries and arterioles. As the impairment of endothelial function is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (e.g.

Associations of Handgrip Strength with Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between handgrip strength and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes in older adults.

Methods: A total of 4,186 participants 65 years of age and older was included in the study, which utilized data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Pearson's chi-square tests were used to explore the relationship between frequency of participation in physical activity and handgrip strength.

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Breast Cancer Patients During Adjuvant Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Effects of exercise interventions on patients with breast cancer (BC) have shown benefits regardless of the measured variables, although the type of exercise and its duration during adjuvant therapy are unclear.

Objective: We investigated the effects of exercise interventions on each measurement, physical fitness, quality of life (QL), fatigue, depression, anxiety, and body compositions and found effective exercise interventions during adjuvant therapy for BC.

Methods: Twenty-nine studies were found by searching the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 2000 to February 2018.

Age-dependent differences of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability between young- and adult-age rats.

The effect of exercise, which increases hippocampal neurogenesis and improves memory function, is well documented, however, differences in the effect of exercise on young children and adults are not yet known. In the present study, age-dependent differences of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability between young- and adult-age rats were investigated. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 min once a day for 6 weeks.

Effects of summer school participation and psychosocial outcomes on changes in body composition and physical fitness during summer break.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that adolescents gain more weight during the summer break than they do during the school year, and that participation in the summer school program is beneficial in maintaining their healthy lifestyle. It is known that obesity and physical fitness in adolescents can be affected by their socio-economic and psychological status, especially during a long school break. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of summer school participation and psychosocial outcomes on changes in body composition and physical fitness in underprivileged adolescents during the summer break.

Effects of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of unaccustomed downhill running on muscle damage, oxidative stress, and leukocyte apoptosis.

Methods: Thirteen moderately trained male subjects performed three 40 min treadmill runs at ~70% VO2max on separate days: a level run (L) followed by two downhill runs (DH1 and DH2). Blood samples were taken at rest (PRE) and immediately (POST), 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after each run.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation and circuit training on indices of obesity and insulin resistance in T2D and vitamin D deficient elderly women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation and circuit training on body composition, abdominal fat, blood lipids, and insulin resistance in T2D and vitamin D deficient elderly women.

Methods: Fifty-two elderly women were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D supplementation with circuit training group (D+T: n = 15), the circuit training group (T: n = 13), the vitamin D supplementation group (D: n = 11), or the control group (CON: n = 13). The subjects in D took vitamin D supplements at 1,200 IU per day for 12 weeks; the subjects in T exercised 3 to 4 times per week, 25 to 40 minutes per session for 12 weeks; and the subjects in D+T participated in both treatments.

Verification of efficacy as an ergogenic aid and safety in doping of sibjeondaebo-tang.

Purpose: Various kinds of food substances from all over the world have been proposed to use as ergogenic aids for the additional improvement of exercise performance especially in athletes. Herb medicine which usually being applied for the cure of disease is used as a performance booster in several far eastern countries including Korea. Many scientists and coaches have asked very objective verifications on the reality of herb medicines practically used but never been scientifically elucidated well enough.

Changes in metabolic syndrome in American and Korean youth, 1997-2008.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in children and adolescence is increasing worldwide; however, its pattern may be different between Asians and Americans. We compare the prevalence and patterns of MetSyn between American and Korean children and adolescents between roughly 1998 and 2007.

Methods: Data from the American and Korean versions of the NHANES (NHANES and KNHANES) were used for this study.

Effects of high-intensity exercise training on body composition, abdominal fat loss, and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged Korean females.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise training under relatively equal energy expenditure on whole body fat and abdominal fat loss, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Twenty-two untrained middle-aged Korean females were randomized into one of the following groups: control, low-intensity training group (LI), and high-intensity training group (HI). Subjects completed 14 weeks of training at 50% maximal oxygen consumption (LI) or 70% maximal oxygen consumption (HI) with the volume of exercise equated relative to kilograms of body weight.

Effects of aerobic exercise training on C1q tumor necrosis factor α-related protein isoform 5 (myonectin): association with insulin resistance and mitochondrial DNA density in women.

Context: The C1q TNFα-related protein (C1QTNF) families exhibit a C-terminal complement factor C1q globular domain similar to that of TNF. However, their clinical implications are largely unknown. We recently found that the C1q TNFα-related protein isoform 5 (C1QTNF5 or myonectin) level was increased in insulin-resistant rodents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted myocytes.

Leukocyte apoptosis and pro-/anti-apoptotic proteins following downhill running.

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on the induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes and to investigate if the elevation in apoptotic leukocytes was mediated by changes in the concentration of anti-/pro-apoptotic proteins in circulation. Twelve moderately trained subjects performed three 40 min treadmill runs at ~70% VO(2max): a level run (L) followed by two downhill runs (DH1 and DH2). Blood samples were taken at rest (PRE) and immediately (POST), 2, 24, and 48 h after each run.

Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after aerobic exercise training.

Literature examining the effects of aerobic exercise training on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is sparse. In this study, 9 male participants (19-32 yr) trained (EX) for 12 wk, and 10 in a control group (CON) maintained normal activity. VO(2max), rectal temperature (T(re)), epinephrine, norepinephrine, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, glucose, blood lactate (BLA), and EPOC were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention.

Resting metabolic rate after endurance exercise training.

Purpose: 1) To examine the effect of a 12-wk endurance exercise training program on RMR and 2) to provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for alterations in RMR that may occur after exercise training.

Methods: Male participants (19-32 yr) in an exercise group (EX; n = 9) performed jogging and/or running 3-4 d x wk(-1), 25-40 min per session, at 60%-80% VO2max, whereas subjects in a control group (CON; n = 10) maintained their normal activity patterns. Body composition, VO2max, RMR, epinephrine, norepinephrine, total thyroxine, free thyroxine, insulin, free fatty acids, and glucose were measured before and after the intervention.