Synergistic Neuroprotection Through Epigenetic Modulation by Combined Curcumin-Enriched Turmeric Extract and L-Ascorbic Acid in Oxidative Stress-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Damage.

Epigenetic modulation plays a crucial role in neuroprotection by regulating cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and oxidative damage, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases. Recognizing the therapeutic potential of epigenetic regulators, this study investigated the synergistic neuroprotective effects of curcumin-enriched turmeric extract combined with L-ascorbic acid, focusing on its modulation of epigenetic pathways in oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were treated with the combination at 20 and 40 µg/mL, and subsequently exposed to 200 µM hydrogen peroxide (HO) to induce oxidative stress.

Video based on the combination of animation and modules is effective in teaching suture technologies to novices without faculty involvement: a new surgical video course.

Background: While video-based instruction has been employed to teach a range of surgical skills, most videos rely on modular demonstrations, which restrict students' comprehension of human tissue structures and their control over intricate procedural details.

Methods: This study described the development, implementation, evaluation, and results of a novel video curriculum based on modular demonstrations combined with animated simulations. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups using a simple lottery-based randomization method, and the efficacy of this novel curriculum was established through pre-and post-teaching outcome analyses.

Effect of sediment on fluvial phosphorus and aquatic water quality.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element in the aquatic environment that is closely linked to river sediment dynamics. The effect of sediment on P has been widely recognized, but has been limited to specific scenarios without considering its relation to water quality management under different sediment scenarios. Water samples (1139 samples) collected from eight rivers across China were analyzed and a consistent comet-shaped relationship between sediment and dissolved P (DP), the component most directly impacting aquatic ecosystems, was observed.

Nanoscale distribution of bioactive ligands on biomaterials regulates cell mechanosensing through translocation of actin into the nucleus.

Cells respond to adhesive ligands such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) through integrins, which regulates cellular activities via influencing cytoskeleton assembly. Herein, we report that the nanoscale distribution of active ligands on biomaterials regulates cells through not only cytoplasmic tension but also nuclear tension. This is particularly related to translocation of actin into nucleus and highlighted in our interpretation of an "abnormal" phenomenon that large RGD nanospacing (>70 nm) disassembles integrin clusters, inhibits cell adhesion, but promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

The causal links between long-term exposure to major chemical components of PM and overall outpatient visits in mainland China: A nationwide study in the difference-in-differences framework.

Introduction: Although the adverse health effects of PM exposure has been well documented, evidence of its adverse effect on overall outpatient visits was still limited. Besides, the adverse health effects of PM exposure get complicated due to various components within the particles. So far, little is known about the relationship between PM components and overall outpatient visits.

Pairing Electrocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of Biomass-Derived 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into Highly Value-Added Chemicals.

Simultaneous electrocatalytic reduction and oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is crucial for biomass refineries. Herein, we report the unprecedentedly high efficiency of the nearly complete conversion of biomass-derived HMF to value-added products, achieving >95% selectivity at -0.4 V vs RHE by pairing electrocatalytic reduction and oxidation (PERO) reactions in a single electrochemical cell.

Preparation and Performance of Caster Oil Polyurethane Marine Antifouling Coatings with Acrylamide Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Antimicrobial Agents.

The surfaces of underwater ship hulls and aquaculture equipment, such as fish cages, are highly susceptible to damage from fouling organisms. Although traditional marine antifouling coatings exhibit effective antifouling properties, the leaching of antifouling agents into the marine environment can lead to pollution and ecological disruption. In this study, we prepared castor oil polyurethane (CO-PU) by reacting castor oil with isocyanate.

Quantifying the impact of land use changes on surface runoff in the Loess Plateau area of Northwest China by SWAT.

Rapid socio-economic development has precipitated substantial transformations in land use and land cover (LUCC) within the Yanhe River basin, significantly impacting production dynamics, confluence mechanisms, and the basin's runoff response processes. To elucidate the runoff response patterns under varying land use/land cover change conditions, this study analyzed the land use change characteristics from 1980 to 2020. Employed the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model, and simulated the precipitation-runoff dynamics under five distinct land use scenarios to scrutinize the basin's runoff response to varying land use conditions.

Modified CD40L-Activated B-Cell Proliferation Model for Validating the Suppressive Activity of CD40-CD154 Pathway Inhibitors.

Background: CD40-CD154 pathway inhibitors are considered indispensable immunosuppressive drugs in xenotransplantation. At present, novel anti-CD154 and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are continuously being developed. It is important to establish a simple and efficient in vitro method to evaluate the effectiveness of these therapeutic mAbs.

Moscatilin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response of Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy through suppressing the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathways.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as the main ophthalmic complication of diabetes mellitus, is a major eye disorder contributing to blindness. Oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal Müller cells participate in the pathogenesis of DR. This work aims to study the biological role of moscatilin in the progression of DR and the underlying mechanism.

AI-Driven Robotics Laboratory Identifies Pharmacological TNIK Inhibition as a Potent Senomorphic Agent.

Assessing impact on the hallmarks of aging has emerged as a novel method for prioritizing dual-purpose longevity therapeutic targets and developing drugs simultaneously targeting aging and disease. Cellular senescence, a central hallmark of aging, progressively induces cellular growth arrest and accelerates the production of a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). TGF-β signaling is situated at the center of multiple senescence-associated and aging-associated signaling pathways, and its inhibition may be favorable for aging-related disorders.

[Research progress on the rules of meridian phenomenon and the mechanism in gastrointestinal diseases].

The meridian theory refers to the understanding of the physiological functions of the human body and the pathological changes of organs, as well as the different specific represenatation phenomena under the pathological conditions and their interrelationship with the body surface representation and the meridian points. It is of great scientific significance to explore the development of acupuncture based on the meridian theory. This article summarizes the different specific representation phenomena of gastrointestinal diseases on the body surface and the rules.

Evaluation of Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Assays for Gene-Edited Pig-to-Human Xenotransplantation.

Background: Gene-edited pigs for xenotransplantation usually contain one or more transgenes encoding human complement regulatory proteins (CRPs). Because of species differences, human CRP(s) expressed in gene-edited pigs may have difficulty inhibiting the activation of exogenous rabbit complement added to a complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. The use of human complement instead of rabbit complement in CDC experiments may more accurately reflect the actual regulatory activity of human CRP(s).

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Orally Available Covalent CDK12/13 Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Tumors.

Cyclin-dependent kinases 12 and 13 (CDK12/13) safeguard genomic integrity by preferentially regulating gene expression in the DNA damage response (DDR). The CDK12/13-mediated upregulation of DDR genes and pathways significantly contributes to both tumorigenesis and the development of resistance to antitumor therapies. Thus, the functional inhibition of CDK12/13 offers an attractive strategy to combat carcinogenesis, particularly for refractory and treatment-resistant cancers.

Electrochemical biosensor based on strand displacement reaction for on-site detection of Skeletonema costatum.

An electrochemical biosensor was constructed for quantitatively detecting Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) by combining the electrode modification material (NC-Au) with a strand displacement reaction (SDR). The SDR process addresses the issues of steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion resulting from the large size of genomic DNA.

α-Ketoglutarate inhibits the pluripotent-to-totipotent state transition in stem cells.

In early mouse embryogenesis, the distinct enrichment of α-ketoglutarate (αKG) in blastocysts and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) in 2-cell (2C) embryos serves as a key metabolic signature. While elevated L-2HG levels inhibit the resolution of totipotency during the transition from the 2C stage to the blastocyst, the role of αKG remains elusive. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured in vitro naturally harbor a subpopulation that transitions dynamically into a 2C-like totipotent state, providing a convenient model to investigate the role of αKG in totipotency reprogramming.

EGCG improve meat quality, restore lipid metabolism disorder and regulate intestinal flora in high-fat fed broilers.

Excessive oil addition can easily result in decreased disease resistance in broilers, a drop in meat quality, and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an important bioactive component of tea and has been shown to have promising effects on the metabolism of nutrients. This study was aimed at investigating the impact of EGCG supplementation through a high-fat diet (HFD) on production performance, meat quality, lipid metabolism and the influence of intestinal flora in broiler chickens.

Cascade-amplification-based electrochemical detection of Akashiwo sanguinea at pre-outbreak stage.

Red tide events caused by Akashiwo sanguinea (A. sanguinea) pose a significant threat to ecosystems. However, studies that offer promising approaches for portable and onsite detection with precise identification of A.

Endothelial AGGF1 promotes retinal angiogenesis by coordinating TNFSF12/FN14 signalling.

Abnormal angiogenesis is a key process associated with ischaemic retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, for which the underlying pathological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we confirm that angiogenic factor 1 with a G patch and FHA domain (AGGF1) is elevated in the diabetics and induces retinal angiogenesis. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that HIF-1α directly regulates AGGF1 expression.

Stress and Interpersonal Relationships in Medical Students During Public Health Emergencies: A Network Analysis.

Background: With the growing demand for medical services worldwide, especially during public health emergencies, medical students, as a special group of future medical workers, are important for the development of health services, and they therefore experience more stress than ordinary college students do. The mental health of medical students plays a vital role in their training, and interpersonal relationships are an important factor affecting their stress levels.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the network structure of stress and interpersonal relationships among Chinese medical students and identify bridge variables to prevent and relieve this stress.

Improving the thermostability of ulvan lyase from polysaccharide lyase family 25 based on multiple computational rational design strategies.

A rational design strategy to improve the thermal stability of enzymes is essential for advancing industrial applications. This study proposes a computer-aided rational design strategy combining deep learning and multiple energy function methods to enhance the thermal stability of ulvan lyase. ColabFold was employed for structure prediction.

ZmNPF7.10 confers potassium and nitrogen distribution from node to leaf in maize.

In graminaceous plants, nodes play vital roles in nutrient allocation, especially for preferential nutrient distribution to developing leaves and reproductive organs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this distribution remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a transporter named ZmNPF7.

Discovery of Pyrrolopyrazine Carboxamide Derivatives as Potent and Selective FGFR2/3 Inhibitors that Overcome Mutant Resistance.

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are established oncogenic drivers in various solid tumors. However, the approved FGFR inhibitors face challenges with acquired resistance and dose-limiting adverse effects associated with FGFR1/4 inhibition, limiting therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we systematically explored linker and electrophile moieties based on the pyrrolopyrazine carboxamide core and identified aniline α-fluoroacrylamide as an effective covalent warhead.

Family Function and Self-Management of Patients With Early Chronic Kidney Disease: The Mediating Roles of Self-Perceived Burden and Ego Depletion.

Background: Effective self-management in the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is key to delaying disease progression. However, no studies have confirmed that the combined support of internal individual factors and external family environmental factors may play an important role in the self-management of patients with early CKD.

Purpose: This current study aims to explore the effect of family function on the self-management of patients with early CKD and examine the mediating roles of self-perceived burden and ego depletion.