Genotypic analysis of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild deer in Korea.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important microsporidian protozoa that causes intestinal disorders in humans. We collected 191 fecal samples from roadkill deer carcasses, among which 13 (6.8%) showed positive reaction for E.

The effects of on growth enhancement, innate immunity, and microbiome profiling in .

Background: In aquaculture, feed additives are widely explored. Among them, Meyer, a natural herbal remedy, has demonstrated its efficacy in many aquaculture species. However, research regarding shrimp, one of the most significant species in aquaculture, remains limited.

Red ginseng extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced platelet-leukocyte aggregates in mice.

Background: Platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) play important roles in cardiovascular disease and sepsis. Red ginseng extract (RGE) has been well-studied for its antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the potential inhibitory effects of RGE on PLA have not been investigated.

The Use of the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region for Phylogenetic Analysis of the Microsporidian Parasite Infecting Whiteleg Shrimp () and for the Development of a Nested PCR as Its Diagnostic Tool.

The increasing economic losses associated with growth retardation caused by (EHP), a microsporidian parasite infecting penaeid shrimp, require effective monitoring. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-1 region, the non-coding region of ribosomal clusters between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, is widely used in phylogenetic studies due to its high variability.

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Activities of via Pharmacological Inhibition of Integrin IIb3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT Pathways and FeCl3-Induced Murine Thrombosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the major cause of mortality all around the globe. abbreviated as with the authority name of Dumont de Courset (G. Don) is a perennial flowering plant commonly grown in Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan.

Anti-thrombotic effects of ginsenoside Rk3 by regulating cAMP and PI3K/MAPK pathway on human platelets.

Background And Objective: The ability to inhibit aggregation has been demonstrated with synthetically derived ginsenoside compounds G-Rp (1, 3, and 4) and ginsenosides naturally found in 20(S)-Rg3, Rg6, F4, and Ro. Among these compounds, Rk3 (G-Rk3) from needs to be further explored in order to reveal the mechanisms of action during inhibition.

Methodology: Our study focused to investigate the action of G-Rk3 on agonist-stimulated human platelet aggregation, inhibition of platelet signaling molecules such as fibrinogen binding with integrin αβ using flow cytometry, intracellular calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, and thromboxane B secretion.

Molecular Detection and Genotyping of spp. in Deer (Cervidae) in Korea.

Major clinical symptoms of infection include fever, anemia, anorexia, jaundice, and decreased milk production. Although several studies have been conducted on tick-borne pathogens, including in Korea, only a few have focused on infection in deer, including the Korean water deer. Blood samples from 160 deer were collected and subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

The Inhibitory Effects of Larvae Extract on Human Platelet Aggregation and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Expression.

The white-spotted flower chafer, , is used as a traditional remedy against liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatic cancer. In this study, we investigated if extract (PBE) inhibited platelet aggregation via integrin αIIb/β regulation. We observed that PBE inhibited αIIb/β activation by regulating the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate.

The anti-platelet activity of panaxadiol fraction and panaxatriol fraction of Korean Red Ginseng in vitro and ex vivo.

Background: The anti-platelet activity of the saponin fraction of Korean Red Ginseng has been widely studied. The saponin fraction consists of the panaxadiol fraction (PDF) and panaxatriol fraction (PTF); however, their anti-platelet activity is yet to be compared. Our study aimed to investigate the potency of anti-platelet activity of PDF and PTF and to elucidate how well they retain their anti-platelet activity via different administration routes.

Autologous Platelet Lysate Is an Alternative to Fetal Bovine Serum for Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation.

The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in regenerative medicine raises serious ethical and scientific concerns. We have cultured and differentiated the canine mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) in five different media combinations of autologous platelet lysate (A-PL) and FBS; consisting of 0% A-PL and 10% FBS (M-1), 2.5% A-PL and 7.

A novel protocol for batch-separating gintonin-enriched, polysaccharide-enriched, and crude ginsenoside-containing fractions from ginseng.

Background: Ginseng contains three active components: ginsenosides, gintonin, and polysaccharides. After the separation of 1 of the 3 ingredient fractions, other fractions are usually discarded as waste. In this study, we developed a simple and effective method, called the ginpolin protocol, to separate gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF), ginseng polysaccharide fraction (GPF), and crude ginseng saponin fraction (cGSF).

Ginsenoside Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by way of suppressed VCAM-1 expression in liver sinusoidal endothelium.

Background: The incidence and clinical importance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged. However, effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD have yet to be found. is a traditional herb in Eastern Asia with therapeutic effects in many chronic disorders.

Pharmacological Actions of 5-Hydroxyindolin-2 on Modulation of Platelet Functions and Thrombus Formation via Thromboxane A Inhibition and cAMP Production.

Platelets play a very significant role in hemostasis while simultaneously posing a risk for the development of various cardiovascular diseases. Platelet-mediated issues can occur in blood vessels and trigger various medical problems. Therefore, controlling platelet function is important in the prevention of thrombosis.

Involvement of the p38 MAPK-NLRC4-Caspase-1 Pathway in Ionizing Radiation-Enhanced Macrophage IL-1β Production.

Macrophages are abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and are crucial in regulating tumor malignancy. We previously reported that ionizing radiation (IR) increases the production of interleukin (IL)-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages, contributing to the malignancy of colorectal cancer cells; however, the mechanism remained unclear. Here, we show that IR increases the activity of cysteine-aspartate-specific protease 1 (caspase-1), which is regulated by the inflammasome, and cleaves premature IL-1β to mature IL-1β in RAW264.

In silico investigation of lead compounds against COVID-19 associated platelet activation and thromboembolism.

Hypercoagulability is frequently observed in patients with severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Platelets are a favorable target for effectively treating hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients as platelet hyperactivity has also been observed. It is difficult to develop a treatment for COVID-19 that will be effective against all variants and the use of antivirals may not be fully effective against COVID-19 as activated platelets have been detected in patients with COVID-19.

Restorative effects of Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng and extract on oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the large intestine disease that results in chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon. Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-RGE) is known for its pharmacological activities. (PT) is also used in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.

DK-MGAR101, an extract of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng, improves blood circulation by inhibiting endothelial cell injury, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation.

Background: Since ginsenosides exert an anti-thrombotic activity, blood flow-improving effects of DK-MGAR101, an extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots (MGAR) containing various ginsenosides, were investigated in comparison with an extract of Korean Red Ginseng (ERG).

Methods: In Sprague-Dawley rats orally administered with DK-MGAR101 or ERG, oxidative carotid arterial thrombosis was induced with FeCl (35%), and their blood flow and occlusion time were measured. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, the cytoprotective activities on rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) exposed to hydrogen peroxide (HO) were confirmed.

Serum biomarker-based osteoporosis risk prediction and the systemic effects of Trifolium pratense ethanolic extract in a postmenopausal model.

Background: Recent years, a soaring number of marketed Trifolium pratense (red clover) extract products have denoted that a rising number of consumers are turning to natural alternatives to manage postmenopausal symptoms. T. pratense ethanolic extract (TPEE) showed immense potential for their uses in the treatment of menopause complications including osteoporosis and hormone dependent diseases.

Extract Ameliorates LPS-Induced Septic Shock in Mice.

Objective: has been reported for its anti-inflammatory properties. However, its efficacy in sepsis has yet to be reported. In this study, we studied the ability of extract (DIE) to rescue mice from septic shock and sepsis.

Comparative antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of red ginseng and fermented red ginseng extracts.

Background: Fermentation may alter the bioavailability of certain compounds, which may affect their efficacy and pharmacological responses. This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG).

Methods: A rodent model was used to evaluate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of the extracts.

Petasites japonicus extract exerts anti-malarial effects by inhibiting platelet activation.

Background: New antimalarial agents are needed to combat emerging resistance to the currently available drugs. In the pathology of cerebral malaria, platelets play a central role by binding infected and uninfected red cells and the endothelium. Since Petasites japonicus extract was reported as an effective inhibitor of platelet activation, we examined the antimalarial activities of the P.

Isopanepoxydone inhibits oxidative damage in murine alveolar macrophages via NRF2 and NLRP3 inflammasome.

Background: Respiratory diseases due to particulate matter are a serious health issue. We sought to investigate the efficacy of isopanepoxydone (ISO) isolated from the as a therapeutic against particulate matter-induced respiratory complications.

Materials And Methods: ISO was isolated from a culture broth of using solvent partition, silica gel, and column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Anti-Thrombotic Effects of Artesunate through Regulation of cAMP and PI3K/MAPK Pathway on Human Platelets.

Normal activation of platelets and their aggregation are crucial for proper hemostasis. It appears that excessive or abnormal aggregation of platelets may bring about cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. For this reason, finding a substance that can regulate platelet aggregation or suppress aggregation will aid in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

COVID-19 and : Targeting platelet aggregation, thrombosis and the coagulation pathway.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only targets the respiratory system but also triggers a cytokine storm and a series of complications, such as gastrointestinal problems, acute kidney injury, and myocardial ischemia. The use of natural products has been utilized to ease the symptoms of COVID-19, and in some cases, to strengthen the immune system against COVID-19. Natural products are readily available and have been regularly consumed for various health benefits.