Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab as monotherapies and combination treatment in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A narrative review.

Background: Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer globally. The majority of bladder cancers are urothelial carcinomas (UCs), which, if locally advanced or metastatic, carry poor long-term prognosis. Cancer cells can evade the immune system by expressing the programmed cell death ligand 1 protein (PD-L1).

Quantitative Textural and Rheological Data on Different Levels of Texture-Modified Food and Thickened Liquids Classified Using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) Guideline.

Diet modification is a common compensation strategy to promote swallowing safety in patients with swallowing difficulties. The International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) guideline provides qualitative descriptions on texture-modified food and thickened liquid. This study aimed to establish quantitative textural and rheological data on different IDDSI levels based on common Chinese ingredients and dishes.

Genetic Variants in Transcription Factor Binding Sites in Humans: Triggered by Natural Selection and Triggers of Diseases.

Variants of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) constitute an important part of the human genome. Current evidence demonstrates close links between nucleotides within TFBSs and gene expression. There are multiple pathways through which genomic sequences located in TFBSs regulate gene expression, and recent genome-wide association studies have shown the biological significance of TFBS variation in human phenotypes.

Cell lineage-specific methylome and genome alterations in gout.

In this study, we examined data from 69 gout patients and 1,455 non-gout controls using a MethylationEPIC BeadChip assay and Illumina HiSeq platform to identify lineage-specific epigenetic alterations and associated genetic factors that contributed to gouty inflammation. Cell lineage-specific differentially methylated sites were identified using CellDMC after adjusting for sex, age, alcohol drinking, smoking status, and smoking history (total pack-years). Different cell lineages displayed distinct differential methylation.

Systemic Investigation of Promoter-wide Methylome and Genome Variations in Gout.

Current knowledge of gout centers on hyperuricemia. Relatively little is known regarding the pathogenesis of gouty inflammation. To investigate the epigenetic background of gouty inflammation independent of hyperuricemia and its relationship to genetics, 69 gout patients and 1455 non-gout controls were included.

The genetic structure of the A mating-type locus of Lentinula edodes.

The Shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler is a tetrapolar basidiomycete with two unlinked mating-type loci, commonly called the A and B loci. Identifying the mating-types in shiitake is important for enhancing the breeding and cultivation of this economically-important edible mushroom.

Rapid genotyping by low-coverage resequencing to construct genetic linkage maps of fungi: a case study in Lentinula edodes.

Background: Genetic linkage maps are important tools in breeding programmes and quantitative trait analyses. Traditional molecular markers used for genotyping are limited in throughput and efficiency. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated progeny genotyping and genetic linkage map construction in the major grains.

Feasibility of contact heat evoked potentials for detection of diabetic neuropathy.

Introduction: The involvement of small myelinated fibers in the early stages of diabetic neuropathy (DN) has been suggested, but few objective methods can identify minimal neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in contact heat evoked potential (CHEP) parameters between healthy adults and diabetics with and without lower limb symptoms.

Methods: CHEP was recorded at the midline channels.

Effects of treatments for symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy: systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of treatments for the symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Articles (English and full text) on double blind randomised trials found by searching with the key words anticonvulsant, antidepressant, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, opioid, ion channel blocker, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and neuropathy.