Comparison of neutral and sniffing position for ease of endotracheal intubation using Airtraq optical laryngoscope-A randomized trial.

Background: Traditionally, the sniffing position has been considered a standard head and neck position during direct laryngoscopy. The perfect head and neck position for video laryngoscopy has yet not been described. Hence, we planned the present study to compare the neutral and sniffing position for ease of intubation using Airtraq.

A comparative study to evaluate the cervical spine movements during laryngoscopy using Macintosh and Airtraq laryngoscopes.

Background And Aim: Intubation with Macintosh requires flexing the lower cervical spine and extending the atlanto-occipital joint to create a "line of sight." Primary aim of study was to compare the extent of cervical spine movement during laryngoscopy using conventional Macintosh laryngoscope and Airtraq.

Material And Methods: A total of 25 patients of either sex between the age group of 18 and 60 years, having American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of Grade-I and Grade-II, scheduled for elective surgery under image control requiring general anesthesia and intubation were enrolled.

Evaluation of perfusion index as a predictor of successful caudal block in pediatric patients: A prospective randomized study.

Background And Aims: Caudal block is among the most widely administered regional anesthesia in pediatric patients. The clinical signs and objective assessments are not fast and reliable enough to provide a good feedback. Perfusion index (PI) is considered as a sensitive marker to assess the efficacy of caudal block.

Comparison of oropharyngeal leak pressure of LMA Protector and LMA ProSeal in anaesthetised paralysed patients - A randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: In the present study, we hypothesised that the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Protector would provide higher oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) than LMA ProSeal. Thus, we planned this study to compare the clinical performance of LMA Protector and LMA ProSeal in terms of OLP as a primary objective and insertion characteristics as secondary objectives.

Methods: Ninety patients of either gender, aged 18-70 years, were randomised into groups PS (LMA ProSeal) and (LMA Protector).

Assessment of airway parameters in obstetric patients and comparing them at different phases in the perinatal period: A prospective observational study.

Background And Aims: Airway changes occur in different stages of pregnancy. We aimed to evaluate the changes in the upper airway in obstetric patients during pregnancy, labour and after delivery using multiple airway indices and identify the predictive factors of these changes.

Methods: This observational study was conducted on 90 parturients aged >20 years, having monofoetal pregnancy.

Diabetes mellitus in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - the tip of the iceberg.

COPD is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by systemic inflammation caused primarily by tobacco use, and it is associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, both viral and bacterial, which are responsible for acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD). Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common co-morbidities in COPD patients. In our study, we attempted to detect previously undiagnosed diabetes in AECOPD patients who presented to our Institute.

Roles of abscisic acid and auxin in plants during drought: A molecular point of view.

Plant responses to drought are mediated by hormones like ABA (abscisic acid) and auxin. These hormones regulate plant drought responses by modulating various physiological and biological processes via cell signaling. ABA accumulation and signaling are central to plant drought responses.

Integration of Auxin, Brassinosteroid and Cytokinin in the Regulation of Rice Yield.

Crop varieties with a high yield are most desirable in the present context of the ever-growing human population. Mostly, the yield traits are governed by a complex of numerous molecular and genetic facets modulated by various quantitative trait loci (QTLs). With the identification and molecular characterizations of yield-associated QTLs over recent years, the central role of phytohormones in regulating plant yield is becoming more apparent.

A study to evaluate ocular changes in patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position.

Background And Aims: AA present prospective study was conducted to evaluate ocular changes occurring in patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position.

Material And Methods: A total of 44 patients of either sex, belonging to American society of Anaesthesiology I and II (aged 18-60 years) scheduled for elective spine surgery in prone position were enrolled in the study. Baseline IOP and MAP measurement were taken prior to induction.

A study to evaluate the change in perfusion index as an indicator of successful ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block.

Background And Aims: Perfusion index (PI) is a new simple, objective and non-invasive method for evaluation of the success of central neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks. So, we conducted a study with an aim to evaluate PI as an indicator for success of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block (SCB).

Methods: 65 patients of either sex, age 18-60 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II posted for upper limb surgery under ultrasound (US)-guided SCB were included.

JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN Family Proteins: Important Nodes in Jasmonic Acid-Abscisic Acid Crosstalk for Regulating Plant Response to Drought.

Plants modulate the metabolism of phytohormones and their signaling pathways under drought to regulate physiological and adaptive responses. Jasmonic acid (JA) is one of the major classes of phytohormones and has been found to potentially enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including drought. The JASMONATE ZINC FINGER INFLORESCENCE MERISTEM (ZIM)-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are the negative regulators in the JA-signaling pathway.

A randomised controlled trial to study Bispectral guided induction of general anaesthesia using propofol and etomidate infusion.

Background And Aims: The present prospective, randomised study was done to evaluate induction characteristics with bispectral (BIS) index guided infusion of propofol and etomidate.

Materials And Methods: After institutional ethical committee approval, 70 patients, aged 18-60 years, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and II scheduled for elective surgery were included. Patients were randomly allocated into one of the two groups.

Jasmonic Acid at the Crossroads of Plant Immunity and Virulence.

Sensing of pathogen infection by plants elicits early signals that are transduced to affect defense mechanisms, such as effective blockage of pathogen entry by regulation of stomatal closure, cuticle, or callose deposition, change in water potential, and resource acquisition among many others. Pathogens, on the other hand, interfere with plant physiology and protein functioning to counteract plant defense responses. In plants, hormonal homeostasis and signaling are tightly regulated; thus, the phytohormones are qualified as a major group of signaling molecules controlling the most widely tinkered regulatory networks of defense and counter-defense strategies.

A prospective randomised trial to compare three insertion techniques for i-gel™ placement: Standard, reverse, and rotation.

Background And Aims: This prospective randomised study was done to compare standard, reverse, and rotation techniques of i-gel™ placement in terms of insertion characteristics and success rate.

Material And Methods: After institutional ethics committee approval, 135 patients aged 18-50 years, ASA I and II undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were included. After induction of anesthesia, i-gel™ was inserted by standard, reverse, and rotation technique in Groups I, II, and III, respectively.

A prospective, randomised, comparative study to evaluate long axis, short axis and medial oblique axis approach for ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation.

Background And Aims: The Ultrasound (USG)-guided internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation can be performed using different approaches like short axis (SAX), long axis (LAX), oblique axis (OAX) or medial oblique axis (M-OAX). We aimed to determine which view was optimal for IJV cannulation.

Methods: After ethical committee approval and written informed consent, this prospective, randomised, controlled trial was conducted on 108 patients.

Experimental and modeling studies of the flow, dynamic and creep recovery properties of pearl millet starch as affected by concentration and cultivar type.

Starch from pearl millet varieties viz. ProAgro 9444 and HHB 67, selected on the basis of amylose content was studied for steady, dynamic and creep recovery characteristics as affected by concentration (3-15%). ProAgro 9444 and HHB 67 possess amylose content of 20.

Amniotic fluid embolism.

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the catastrophic complications of pregnancy in which amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair, or other debris enters into the maternal pulmonary circulation, causing cardiovascular collapse. Etiology largely remains unknown, but may occur in healthy women during labour, during cesarean section, after abnormal vaginal delivery, or during the second trimester of pregnancy. It may also occur up to 48 hours post-delivery.

Penetrating abdomino-thoracic injury with an iron rod: An anaesthetic challenge.

Penetrating abdomino-thoracic injuries are potentially life-threatening due to the associated haemorrhagic shock and visceral injury. The management of these injuries poses specific challenges in pre-hospital care, transport, and management strategies. We report a 35-year-old male having impalement injury of the left thorax and left upper arm with a metallic rod used for construction of the house after a fall from height.

Use of i-gel in magnetic resonance imaging.

Anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires special equipment that can be used in the presence of a magnetic field. Endotracheal tube and various laryngeal mask airway devices have a variable quantity of ferromagnetic material in the pilot balloon that could reduce image quality and result in artifacts. The i-gel is a reliable, easily inserted airway device, and causes minimal interference in image quality.

Comparative evaluation of subclavian vein catheterisation using supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach.

Background And Aims: Infraclavicular (IC) approach of subclavian vein (SCV) catheterisation is widely used as compared to supraclavicular (SC) approach. The aim of the study was to compare the ease of catheterisation of SCV using SC versus IC approach and also record the incidence of complications related to either approach, if any.

Methods: In the study, 60 patients enrolled were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each.

Anesthetic management of a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura for drainage of cervical lymphadenitis: A case report.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a multisystem disease and immunoglobulin A-mediated vasculitis with a self-limited course affecting the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. Severe renal and central nervous system disease may lead to life-threatening conditions, and immunosuppressive agents and plasmapheresis may be needed. We report successful management of a 6-year-old patient with HSP for drainage of cervical lymphadenitis.

Intrathecal clonidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy: A randomized double-blinded study.

Background: Clonidine is added to intrathecal local anesthetics to improve intraoperative analgesia and to increase the duration of sensory and motor block. Aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of addition of two different doses of clonidine (15 and 30 mcg) to 11 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five patients enrolled in the study were randomly divided into three groups of 25 each.