Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review.

Human viruses and viruses from animals can cause illnesses in humans after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Contamination may occur during preparation by infected food handlers, during food production because of unsuitably controlled working conditions, or following the consumption of animal-based foods contaminated by a zoonotic virus. This review discussed the recent information available on the general and clinical characteristics of viruses, viral foodborne outbreaks and control strategies to prevent the viral contamination of food products and water.

Vitamin B12 insufficiency and deficiency: a review of nondisease risk factors.

Vitamin B12 deficiency and insufficiency can lead to both hematological and neurological impairments. This review examines nondisease causes and risk factors associated with dietary availability, such as eating habits, food processing, cooking techniques, and bioavailability, as well as increased physiological needs and iatrogenic factors linked to medication use or surgical procedures. As a result of these nondisease influences, groups at higher risk include vegans, vegetarians, older adults, individuals with limited diets, breastfed and preterm infants, and those who primarily consume foods prepared or cooked in ways that reduce vitamin B12 content, as well as individuals on certain medications or who have undergone specific surgeries.

Computational workflow for discovering small molecular binders for shallow binding sites by integrating molecular dynamics simulation, pharmacophore modeling, and machine learning: STAT3 as case study.

STAT3 belongs to a family of seven transcription factors. It plays an important role in activating the transcription of various genes involved in a variety of cellular processes. High levels of STAT3 are detected in several types of cancer.

Augmenting bioactivity by docking-generated multiple ligand poses to enhance machine learning and pharmacophore modelling: discovery of new TTK inhibitors as case study.

Dual specificity protein kinase threonine/Tyrosine kinase (TTK) is one of the mitotic kinases. High levels of TTK are detected in several types of cancer. Hence, TTK inhibition is considered a promising therapeutic anti-cancer strategy.

The Emerging Role of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) and Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in Ferroptosis.

Cells employ a well-preserved physiological stress response mechanism, termed the heat shock response, to activate a certain type of molecular chaperone called heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are activated by transcriptional activators of heat shock genes known as heat shock factors (HSFs). These molecular chaperones are categorized as the HSP70 superfamily, which includes HSPA (HSP70) and HSPH (HSP110) families; the DNAJ (HSP40) family; the HSPB family (small heat shock proteins (sHSPs)); chaperonins and chaperonin-like proteins; and other heat-inducible protein families.

Discovery of new STAT3 inhibitors as anticancer agents using ligand-receptor contact fingerprints and docking-augmented machine learning.

STAT3 belongs to a family of seven vital transcription factors. High levels of STAT3 are detected in several types of cancer. Hence, STAT3 inhibition is considered a promising therapeutic anti-cancer strategy.

Understanding the challenges to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment options, herd immunity and probability of reinfection.

Unlike pandemics in the past, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which rapidly spread worldwide, was met with a different approach to control and measures implemented across affected countries. The lack of understanding of the fundamental nature of the outbreak continues to make COVID-19 challenging to manage for both healthcare practitioners and the scientific community. Challenges to vaccine development and evaluation, current therapeutic options, convalescent plasma therapy, herd immunity, and the emergence of reinfection and new variants remain the major obstacles to combating COVID-19.

Experiences and perceptions of COVID-19 infection and vaccination among Palestinian refugees in Jerash camp and Jordanian citizens: a comparative cross-sectional study by face-to-face interviews.

Background: During the COVID-19 vaccination, the access to vaccines has been unequal among countries and individuals, for example low-income countries displayed significant low levels of vaccination. Furthermore, most refugees are living in developing low-income countries which struggling to access the essential health-care services including vaccination. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the experiences and perceptions of COVID-19 infection and vaccination among Palestine refugees in Jerash camp compared to resident Jordanian citizens.

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Vulnerable Groups: Syrian Refugees in Jordan.

Despite the wide distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, refugees remain last in line for the intake of vaccines. Syrian refugees in Jordan reach up to 700,000 registered and almost up to 700,000 unregistered refugees. This study aims to assess the willingness of Syrian refugees in Jordan to take the COVID-19 vaccine.

Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.

The current outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) infection has emerged as a global matter of concern in the last few months. MPX is a zoonosis caused by the MPX virus (MPXV), which is one of the species. Thus, it is similar to smallpox caused by the variola virus, and smallpox vaccines and drugs have been shown to be protective against MPX.

Acetic Acid Mediated for One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolyl -Triazine Derivatives for the Targeted Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Cells (MDA-MB-231) EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascades.

Here, we described the synthesis of novel pyrazole--triazine derivatives via an easy one-pot procedure for the reaction of β-dicarbonyl compounds (ethylacetoacetate, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadione or 1,3-cyclohexadionone) with ,-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal, followed by addition of 2-hydrazinyl-4,6-disubstituted--triazine either in ethanol-acetic acid or neat acetic acid to afford a novel pyrazole and pyrazole-fused cycloalkanone systems. The synthetic protocol proved to be efficient, with a shorter reaction time and high chemical yield with broad substrates. The new pyrazolyl--triazine derivatives were tested against the following cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer); MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer); U-87 MG (glioblastoma); A549 (non-small cell lung cancer); PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer); and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs).

Potential Composite Digenic Contribution of and Leading to Atypical Lethal Niemann-Pick Type C with Initial Crohn's Disease-like Presentation: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Study.

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive neurovisceral disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration with variable involvement of multisystemic abnormalities. Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a multifactorial etiology influenced by variants in . Here, we investigated a patient with plausible multisystemic overlapping manifestations of both NPC and CD.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Breast Milk: MicroRNA Contents and Potential Epigenetic Effects.

Infants who are exclusively breastfed in the first six months of age receive adequate nutrients, achieving optimal immune protection and growth. In addition to the known nutritional components of human breast milk (HBM), i.e.

variant with the novel phenotype of mixed‑type total anomalous pulmonary venous return in Holt‑Oram Syndrome and variable intrafamilial heart defects.

Variants in T‑box transcription factor 5 () can result in a wide phenotypic spectrum, specifically in the heart and the limbs. has been implicated in causing non‑syndromic cardiac defects and Holt‑Oram syndrome (HOS). The present study investigated the underlying molecular etiology of a family with heterogeneous heart defects.

Applications of Alginate-Based Nanomaterials in Enhancing the Therapeutic Effects of Bee Products.

Since the ancient times, bee products (i.e., honey, propolis, pollen, bee venom, bee bread, and royal jelly) have been considered as natural remedies with therapeutic effects against a number of diseases.

Aptamer-functionalized pH-sensitive liposomes for a selective delivery of echinomycin into cancer cells.

Echinomycin (quinomycin A) is a peptide antibiotic from the quinoxaline family, which has a DNA bifunctional intercalating activity and an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α). Echinomycin was discovered in 1957 as a potent antitumor agent; however, it was not successful in clinical use due to its low water solubility and short half-life. To revitalize this potent drug, it is important to increase its aqueous solubility and bioavailability.

Discovery of new Cdc2-like kinase 4 (CLK4) inhibitors pharmacophore exploration combined with flexible docking-based ligand/receptor contact fingerprints and machine learning.

Cdc2-like kinase 4 (CLK4) inhibitors are of potential therapeutic value in many diseases particularly cancer. In this study, we combined extensive ligand-based pharmacophore exploration, ligand-receptor contact fingerprints generated by flexible docking, physicochemical descriptors and machine learning-quantitative structure-activity relationship (ML-QSAR) analysis to investigate the pharmacophoric/binding requirements for potent CLK4 antagonists. Several ML methods were attempted to tie these properties with anti-CLK4 bioactivities including multiple linear regression (MLR), random forests (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and support vector regression (SVR).

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors.

Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect of life. This has led to the development of several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and the side effects among Arab communities after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine and use of machine learning (ML) tools to predict post-vaccination side effects based on predisposing factors.

Vitamin B12 binding to mutated human transcobalamin, in-silico study of TCN2 alanine scanning and ClinVar missense mutations/SNPs.

Many missense mutations/SNPs of the TCN2 gene (which yield Transcobalamin (TC)) were reported in the literature but no study is available about their effect on binding to vitamin B12(B12) at the structural level experimentally nor computationally. Predict the effect of TC missense mutations/SNPs on binding affinity to B12 and characterize their contacts to B12 at the structural level. TC-B12 binding energy difference from the wildtype (ΔΔGmut) was calculated for 378 alanine scanning mutations and 76 ClinVar missense mutations, repeated on two distinct X-ray structures of holoTC namely 2BB5 and 4ZRP.

Exploiting activity cliffs for building pharmacophore models and comparison with other pharmacophore generation methods: sphingosine kinase 1 as case study.

Activity cliffs (ACs) are defined as closely analogous compounds of significant affinity discrepancies against certain biotarget. In this paper we propose to use AC pair(s) for extracting valid binding pharmacophores through exposing corresponding protein complexes to stochastic deformation/relaxation followed by applying genetic algorithm/machine learning (GA-ML) for selecting optimal pharmacophore(s) that best classify a long list of inhibitors. We compared the performances of ligand-based and structure-based pharmacophores with counterparts generated by this newly introduced technique.

The role of TNFR2 Tregs in COVID-19: An overview and a potential therapeutic strategy.

COVID-19 is a multi-faceted disease ranging from asymptomatic to severely ill condition that primarily affects the lungs and could advance to other organs as well. It's causing factor, SARS-CoV-2 is recognized to develop robust cell-mediated immunity that responsible to either control or exaggerate the infection. As an important cell subset that control immune responses and are significantly dysregulated in COVID-19, Tregs is proposed to be considered for COVID-19 management.

Investigating the association of CD36 gene polymorphisms (rs1761667 and rs1527483) with T2DM and dyslipidemia: Statistical analysis, machine learning based prediction, and meta-analysis.

CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) is a membrane protein involved in lipid metabolism and has been linked to pathological conditions associated with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and dyslipidemia. A case-control study was conducted and included 177 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 173 control subjects to study the involvement of CD36 gene rs1761667 (G>A) and rs1527483 (C>T) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of T2DM and dyslipidemia among Jordanian population. Lipid profile, blood sugar, gender and age were measured and recorded.

1,4-Naphthoquinone Is a Potent Inhibitor of IRAK1 Kinases and the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in THP-1 Differentiated Macrophages.

Quinones are a class of cyclic organic compounds that are widely distributed in nature and have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancerous activities. However, the molecular mechanisms/signaling by which these molecules exert their effect are still not fully understood. In this study, a group of quinone-derived compounds were examined for their potential inhibitory effect against human IRAK1 and IRAK4 kinases .