Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Background: Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in Glossina species from Burkina Faso.

Symbiotic bacteria Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma sp and Wolbachia do not favour Trypanosoma grayi coexistence in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Background: Tsetse flies, the biological vectors of African trypanosomes, have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria. Their vector competence is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts. The current study provided the prevalence of three tsetse symbiotic bacteria and trypanosomes in species from Burkina Faso.

Erectile Dysfunction: Prevalence, and Pattern among Adult Male Patients Attending the General Out-Patient Clinic of Federal Medical Centre Bida, Nigeria.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is usually underestimated in many developing countries, Nigeria inclusive.

Introduction: ED is associated with stigma and poor health seeking behaviour and is assumed not to be life-threatening. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ED and the pattern among adult males.

The Effect of Reduced GnRH Dose on Ovulation and Follicular Dynamics in Ovsynch Programme of Pure and Bunaji-Crossbred Cows.

Our objective was to compare the efficacy of reducing GnRH dose from 100 µg to 50 µg on the formation of ovulation and sizes of ovarian structures following Ovsynch in apparently healthy Bunaji and Friesian × Bunaji Cows. Thirty female multiparous-apparently-healthy adult [Bunaji (n = 15) and Friesian × Bunaji (n = 15)] breeds of cattle were used. Five cows each were allocated randomly to three groups [control; full dose (FD), and half dose (HD)].

Molecular detection of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma species and Wolbachia endosymbionts in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Cameroon, Chad and Nigeria.

Background: Tsetse flies are cyclical vectors of African trypanosomiasis (AT). The flies have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria that influence certain aspects of their physiology. Vector competence of tsetse flies for different trypanosome species is highly variable and is suggested to be affected by bacterial endosymbionts amongst other factors.

Molecular detection of Sodalis glossinidius, Spiroplasma and Wolbachia endosymbionts in wild population of tsetse flies collected in Cameroon, Chad and Nigeria.

Tsetse flies are cyclical vectors of African trypanosomiasis. They have established symbiotic associations with different bacteria, which influence certain aspects of their physiology. The vector competence of tsetse flies for different trypanosome species is highly variable and is suggested to be affected by various factors, amongst which are bacterial endosymbionts.

Anthropometric Indices for Predicting Hypertension among General Outpatient Clinic Attendees of Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria.

Background: The literature is replete with overwhelming evidence that being obese is a predictor of hypertension risk. Obesity can be defined by anthropometric indices, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waistheight ratio (WHtR). Despite wide use of BMI as indicator of obesity, it does not reflect central fat distribution, whereas WC, WHR, and WHtR are used as surrogate markers for body fat centralization.

Effects of crude methanol extract of fruit pulp on venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Crude Methanol Extract of Fruit Pulp on Venom-Induce Toxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods: . was extracted using 70% methanol and median lethal dose (LD) of both the extract and venom were determined using the up-and-down method.

Antitrypanosomal properties of extracts and their inhibitory effect on trypanosome alternative oxidase.

Background: African trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease with huge socio-economic burden to sub-Saharan African exceeding US$4.6 annual loss. To mitigate the incidence of trypanosomal drug resistance, efforts are geared towards discovery of molecules, especially from natural products, with potential to inhibit important molecular target (trypanosome alternative oxidase, TAO) in trypanosomes that are critical to their survival.

Toxicological evaluation of repeated administration of povidone iodine in cockerels.

Povidone-iodine (Polidine®) is a synthetic broad-spectrum antiseptic being applied topically to treat wounds and prevent their infection. It has been however reported with the assertions that it is effective in the treatment of infectious bursa disease (IBD) when administered orally by practicing Veterinarians and other poultry handlers. Acute kidney injury has been reported also with povidone iodine ingestion.

Comparative effects of artemether and in combination with diminazene aceturate in the treatment of experimental infection in rats.

This study assessed the effects of artemether and in combination with diminazene aceturate on parasitaemia, weight, haematology and pathology induced by experimentally infection in rats. Fifty adult rats comprising 25 each of males and females were assigned into 5 groups of ten rats (five males and five females). Rats in group I was uninfected while groups II-V were infected with .

Partially Purified Leaf Fractions of Azadirachta indica Inhibit Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase and Exert Antitrypanosomal Effects on Trypanosoma congolense.

Introduction: Trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease of humans and livestock caused by single-celled flagellated haemo-protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Trypanosoma.

Purpose: Widespread resistance to trypanocidal drugs creates urgent need for new, more effective drugs with potential to inhibit important trypanosome molecular targets.

Methods: Nine column chromatographic, partially purified leaf fractions of Azadirachta indica (AIF) were subjected to trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) inhibition assay using ubiquinol oxidase assay.

Trypanosuppressive effects of Kolaviron may be associated with down regulation of Trypanothione reductase in Trypanosoma congolense infection.

Trypanothione reductase is a key enzyme that upholds the redox balance in hemoflagellate protozoan parasites such as T. congolense. This study aims at unraveling the potency of Kolaviron against trypanothione reductase in T.

Research Note: Evaluation of acute oral toxicity of povidone-iodine in cockerels using the up-and-down procedure.

Povidone-iodine (Polidine) is a synthetic broad-spectrum antiseptic and being applied topically to treat wounds and prevent their infection. It is however used by poultry farmers, field veterinarians, and other animal health workers with the claim that it is effective for treatment of infectious bursal disease when administered orally. Hence, an acute oral toxicity study was conducted to ascertain its safety profile.

Blood of African Hedgehog Atelerix albiventris Contains 115-kDa Trypanolytic Protein that Kills Trypanosoma congolense.

Introduction: Protozoan parasites of the Order Trypanosomatida infect a wide range of multicellular plants and animals, causing devastating and potentially fatal diseases. Trypanosomes are the most relevant members of the order in sub-Saharan Africa because of mortalities and morbidities caused to humans and livestock.

Purpose: There are growing concerns that trypanosomes are expanding their reservoirs among wild animals, which habours the parasites, withstand the infection, and from which tsetse flies transmit the parasites back to humans and livestock.

In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal efficacy of combination therapy of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Khaya senegalensis and potash.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pastoralists in Nigeria mix barks of Anogeissus leiocarpus (AL) Khaya senegalensis (KS) and potash (Pt) to treat animal African trypanosomosis.

Aim: To evaluate antitrypanosomal potential of A. leiocarpus, K.

Genetic diversity of trypanosome species in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in Nigeria.

Background: Trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock in sub-Saharan Africa and rely on tsetse flies as their main insect vector. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa; however, only limited information about the occurrence and diversity of trypanosomes circulating in the country is available.

Methods: Tsetse flies were collected from five different locations in or adjacent to protected areas, i.

Quality of Service Class Identifier (QCI) radio resource allocation algorithm for LTE downlink.

The increasing demand for network applications, such as teleconferencing, multimedia messaging and mobile TV, which have diverse requirements, has resulted in the introduction of Long Term Evolution (LTE) by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE networks implement resource allocation algorithms to distribute radio resource to satisfy the bandwidth and delay requirements of users. However, the scheduling algorithm problem of distributing radio resources to users is not well defined in the LTE standard and thus considerably affects transmission order.

Diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Glossina populations in Nigeria and the Cameroonian border region.

Background: Tsetse flies are vectors of trypanosomes, parasites that cause devastating disease in humans and livestock. In the course of vector control programmes it is necessary to know about the Glossina species present in the study area, the population dynamics and the genetic exchange between tsetse fly populations.

Results: To achieve an overview of the tsetse fly diversity in Nigeria and at the Nigeria-Cameroon border, tsetse flies were trapped and collected between February and March 2014 and December 2016.

Effects of softwood biochar on the status of nitrogen species and elements of potential toxicity in soils.

The effects of softwood-derived biochar materials on the chemical behaviour of environmental contaminants in soils were examined in two microcosm scenarios. Addition of the biochar materials into an alkaline sandy soil significantly reduced NH volatilization and made it available for conversion into NO via nitrification. This process could be enhanced by an increased application rate of biochar produced at a higher pyrolysis temperature.

A controlled study to investigate anti-diarrhoeal effect of the stem-bark fractions of in laboratory animal models.

Due to the shortcomings associated with modern synthetic antidiarrhoeal drugs, it is important to find newer, safer and cheaper antidiarrhoeal agents from natural sources. The study was conducted to evaluate the anti-diarrhoeal activity of the fractions of the stem-bark of in laboratory animal models. The effect of different concentrations (1.

Impact of Eighteen-Year Varied Compliance to Onchocerciasis Treatment with Ivermectin in Sentinel Savannah Agrarian Communities in Kaduna State of Nigeria.

Baseline and impact assessment data were generated in 1994 (n = 532) and 2011 (n = 593) from 6 sentinel villages with generalized onchocerciasis. Only volunteers and a cohort (n = 445, 75%) were screened at both visits. Each village had received 11 (64.

Response of Nigerian farmers to a questionnaire on chloramphenicol application in commercial layers.

The authors assessed the occurrence of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in commercial eggs. Of the 105 farmers surveyed for the use of CAP, 35 (33.3%) and 70 (66.

Antimycoplasmal activity of some plant species from northern Nigeria compared to the currently used therapeutic agent.

Context: Mycoplasma spp. are obligate parasites of humans and animals. But due to the special requirements needed to culture Mycoplasma in the laboratory, little or no research has been done to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants on the organism.

Experience on Transfontanelle Neurosonography in Kano, Nigeria: a preliminary report.

Objective: To retrospectively audit and analyse all the Transfontanelle Neurosonographic scans performed at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), between January to September, 2004.

Methods: Information on the gray scale appearance of the ventricles, cerebral and cerebellar parenchyma, extra axial fluid spaces, status of the sulci and gyri and the echogenic internal outline of the bony skull vault was extracted from the records of all the Transfontanelle neurosonographic scans performed at the specialist Ultrasound clinic of the AKTH, between January to September, 2004.

Results: Eighteen infants were scanned, and 8 (44.