Traditional foods in the diet of Chukotka natives.

During several medical expeditions the recipes and technology of traditional foods of the indigenous population of Chukotka have been collected. Traditional foods are important sources of fat, protein and essential nutrients. The traditional diet of Chukotka natives consists of caribou meat, marine animals and fish, depending on the place of residence.

[Prevalence of and risk factors for gallstones in female population of Novosibirsk].

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of gallstones and associated factors in female population of Novosibirsk (Western Siberia).

Materials And Methods: A representative sample of 870 women aged 25-64 years was drawn from general population according to WHO "MONICA" protocol. The subjects were screened for the presence of gallstones by gallbladder ultrasonography, completed a questionnaire relating to food and alcohol consumption, smoking, gastrointestinal symptoms and obstetric history.

Dietary fat and disease patterns in Chukotka Native adults.

It is well documented that dietary patterns have been changing for northern indigenous peoples as they adapt to a contemporary lifestyle. Recent dietary research among Chukotka Native adults showed a higher intake of saturated fatty acids (15% of energy) and sugar, and lower content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5%) compared with our previous studies. We showed a higher percentage of dietary fat from animal fats (31%) and meat products (28%) than from seafoods and fish, which provide only 11% of daily fat intake.

Nutrition of Chukotka Native children.

We estimated nutrient and food intakes of adolescents aged 14 to 17 who inhabit the coastal and tundra zones of the Chukotka Autonomous Region, Russia, and developed approaches to improving their diet. We reassessed the dietary intakes of Native (n = 162) and non-Native (n = 155) adolescents of both sexes. We found that mean energy and nutrient intakes (protein, fat, carbohydrates) among schoolchildren were similar in different ethnic and sex groups.

A comparison of the diets of Siberian Chukotka and Alaska Native adults and recommendations for improved nutrition, a survey of selected previous studies.

Diet plays an important role in the development of common diseases among Northern indigenous people, i.e. heart disease, cancer, diabetes and iron deficiency.

Prevalence and risk factors of iron-deficiency in women of Chukotka.

A study of iron deficiency states (IDS) in Chukotkan native women aged 20-59 years revealed a relatively high prevalence of 36.4%. The prevalence of anemia was 5.

Comparison of diets in two native Chukotka populations and prevalence of ischemic heart disease risk factors.

Epidemiological studies of nutrition and the prevalence of ischemic heart disease risk factors were carried out comparing native Markovskaya populations living in the tundra and coastal areas. There was lower prevalence of IHD risk factors among 30-59 year old males in coastal villages than in a comparable population residing in the tundra. This finding can be partially explained by analysis of the diets of both regions.

[Characteristics of the nutrition and blood lipids of the native residents of Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR].

Simultaneous epidemiologic investigations of representative samplings of the male population, aged from 30 to 59 years, were carried out in Chukot Peninsula and the Buryat ASSR in 1981-1982 and 1985-1986 years. The programme of the study included standard questioning to reveal angina of effort according to the WHO Cardiologic Questionnaire, ECG recording at rest, arterial pressure measuring (twice), anthropometry, biochemical blood assay (the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol). Actual nutrition was studied by the method of "daily reproduction" in 104 residents of Markovskaya tundra (85.

[Characteristics of arterial blood pressure in children aged 10-14 years living in Novosìbirsk (data of a simultaneous epidemiological study)].

The authors reported the results of a study of BP levels in children aged 10 to 14 in Novosibirsk using a standard WHO method. Regional normal limits of systolic and diastolic BP with relation to age and sex were presented. The mean levels of systolic and diastolic BP were growing with age, particularly at the age of 11-12.

[Nutrition and levels of risk factors for ischemic heart disease in 30- to 59-year-old men of Novosibirsk and resident newcomers of Chukotka].

Data on actual diets and major coronary risk factors are presented for residents of a district in Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal residents of Chukotka. Epidemiologic (quantitative assessment of dietary habits, questioning to detect angina of effort), biochemical (assays of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and physiologic (arterial BP, height and weight measurements) methods were used. Differences are demonstrated between the diets common for Novosibirsk and nonaboriginal Chukotka residents, which show correlation to differences in the incidence of major coronary risk factors.