Carbapenem resistance in gram-negative pathogens in an Iranian hospital: high prevalence of OXA-type carbapenemase genes.

Background: The widespread dissemination of carbapenem- resistant gram-negative bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance.

Methods: During the period spanning from June 2019 to June 2020, 777 gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated.

Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing : An Iranian Referral Hospital-Based Study.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in infections caused by carbapenemase-producing strains, with carbapenem-resistant (CRPA) emerging as a priority pathogen according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of CRPA isolated from patients referred to Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. isolates collected from different children's wards were screened for common carbapenem-resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Measles immunity status in Iranian infants and children and outbreak concerns: Time for reconsidering the vaccination schedule?

Introduction: Measles vaccination has greatly reduced the disease burden worldwide, but challenges remain due to variations in vaccine effectiveness across age groups. This study aimed to assess the serological profile of measles antibodies across different age groups, evaluate the impact of maternal immunity on antibody levels in infants under 12 months, and assess measles immunity in vaccinated individuals.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2022 to January 2023 at the Children's Medical Center, a referral hospital in Iran.

Pediatric Cystic Echinococcosis in Tehran, Iran: A 9-Year Retrospective Epidemiological and Clinical Survey of Hospitalized Cases.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), the second most significant foodborne parasitic disease worldwide, poses a significant global health burden. Understanding its clinical and laboratory features is crucial for effective management. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of pediatric CE in an Iranian referral hospital.

Predictive factors for COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized children.

Background: Understanding the factors influencing disease progression and severity in pediatric COVID-19 cases is essential for effective management and intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of clinical and laboratory parameters to identify predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality in hospitalized children.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we included 468 pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Post-discharge follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 patients: insights into serological dynamics.

Introduction: Limited data are available regarding SARS-CoV-2 serological response dynamics in pediatric patients with COVID-19, contributing to gaps in our understanding of the immune response in this population. This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization and 2-4 weeks after discharge.

Methods: A cohort of patients, consisting of 31 individuals with confirmed acute COVID-19 infection and 27 diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), was enrolled in the study.

Changing Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacterial Childhood Diarrhea: Insights from a 7-Year Study in an Iranian Referral Hospital.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) poses a significant public health challenge for children in developing countries. Considering the high prevalence of AGE in Iranian children, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the patterns and changes in bacterial identification as well as antibiotic resistance in AG over the course of 7 years. From January 2015 to December 2021, a total of 15,300 pediatric patients with AGE were admitted to the Children's Medical Center, an Iranian academic referral hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of pediatric bloodstream infections: a 5-year experience in an Iranian referral hospital.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. The purpose of the current study was to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections at Children's Medical Center Hospital (CMC), Tehran, Iran.

Methods: We retrospectively recorded all positive blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility of all bloodstream isolates among children admitted to CMC, during 5 years.

High prevalence of carbapenem resistance and clonal expansion of bla gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in an Iranian referral pediatric hospital.

Background: The increasing global concern regarding antibiotic resistance necessitates in-depth studies to comprehend the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of resistant bacterial strains. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital.

Methods: In this study, we examined CRKP isolates collected from hospitalized pediatric patients across various wards.

Diagnostic accuracy of the IFN-γ release assay using RD1 immunodominant T-cell antigens for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) poses a significant challenge, with controversies surrounding the accuracy of IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of RD1 immunodominant T-cell antigens, including ESAT-6, CFP-10, PE35, and PPE68 proteins, for immunodiagnosis of EPTB. Twenty-nine patients with EPTB were enrolled, and recombinant PE35, PPE68, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins were evaluated in a 3-day Whole Blood Assay.

Short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers: a multicenter study in Iran.

Since the initiation of the COVID-19 vaccination effort, there has been widespread concern regarding vaccine efficacy and potential side effects. This study aimed to explore the short-term side effects of four available COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Oxford-AstraZeneca, and Covaxin) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Iran. The multicenter study involved 1575 HCWs, with the majority received Sputnik V (74.

Comparative immunogenicity and safety of SpikoGen®, a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine in children and young adults: An immuno-bridging clinical trial.

Background: SpikoGen® is a recombinant subunit spike protein ectodomain vaccine manufactured in insect cells and formulated with the novel polysaccharide-based Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant. This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of SpikoGen® vaccine in children, adolescents and young adults.

Monitoring Over a Decade in the Serotype Prevalence of in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: There is no comprehensive information about the circulating serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Iran in recent years. This study aimed to summarize information about the changes over a decade in the serotype prevalence of in Iran.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Iranian Database, such as Magiran and SID, from January 2011 to February 2023.

Neurologic Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children: An Iranian Hospital-Based Study.

Background: COVID-19 infection and its neurological manifestations were seen in children although less common than adults. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of different types of neurologic findings of hospitalized children with COVID-19. ].

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the serological, immunological, and cardiac parameters of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Diverse clinical and laboratory features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) have been reported in the literature. Despite the worldwide distribution, systemic studies regarding the laboratory results do not exist. Therefore, we aimed to perform this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the serological, immunological, and cardiac parameters of the MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Evaluation of patients presenting with febrile seizures in an Iranian referral hospital: emphasis on the frequency of meningitis and co-infections.

Introduction: Febrile seizures are one of the most common diseases that physicians encounter in pediatric emergency departments. Two important aspects of managing patients presenting with a febrile seizure are meningitis exclusion and co-infection investigation. This study was designed to determine any infection that occurs concomitantly with a febrile seizure episode and also to assess the frequency of meningitis among children presenting with febrile seizures.

A rare presentation of visceral leishmaniasis and epididymo-orchitis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has rarely been reported in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), despite the fact that they seem more susceptible to intracellular infection. We describe a rare presentation of VL and epididymo-orchitis in a patient with CGD, which has not been seen previously in the literature following inflammatory syndrome.

Clinical and laboratory features of SARS-CoV-2 variants across multiple rounds of pandemic waves in hospitalized children in an Iranian referral hospital.

Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into independent new forms, variants of concern (VOCs). While epidemiological data showed increased transmissibility of VOCs, their impact on clinical outcomes is less clear. This study aimed to investigate the differences between the clinical and laboratory features of children infected with VOCs.

Association of body mass index with COVID-19 outcome in a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Iran.

Background: One of the challenging risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection is obesity and high body mass index (BMI). In this study we assessed the association between BMI and outcomes of hospitalized pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Iran.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the biggest referral pediatric hospital in Tehran from March 7 to August 17, 2020.

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Gram-negative Bacteria in an Iranian Referral Pediatric Hospital: A Present Danger of New Delhi Metallo-β- lactamase.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria has been growing, particularly in developing countries, like Iran. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistance mechanisms is a major public health concern because no definite treatments have yet been established for this problem. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenemase-producing genes, including bla , bla , and bla in patients referred to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.

Childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome in the SARS-CoV-2 era: Is there any causative relation?

We reported an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). From 37 patients with GBS, previous SARS-CoV-2 clinical clues, including fever, cough, and diarrhea, were recorded in 18 patients. Among them, SARS-CoV-2 IgG was detected in seven patients, considered confirmed as cases.

COVID-19 Pandemic Experiences in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: An Iranian Referral Hospital-Based Study.

Introduction: In late February 2020, after we had informed about the presence of some cases of COVID-19 in Iran and its rapid spread throughout the country, we decided to make the necessary arrangements for patients with critical conditions in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Children's Medical Center. There are a little data on critically ill children with COVID-19 infection with ICU requirements. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, treatment, and outcomes of the pediatrics population infected by SARS-CoV-2 admitted to PICU.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: update and new insights from the second report of an Iranian referral hospital.

Introduction: Here, we are sharing our second report about children affected by Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The aim of the present study was to update our knowledge about children with MIS-C. Furthermore, we tried to compare clinical manifestations, laboratory features and final outcome of patients based on disease severity, in order to better understanding of the nature of this novel syndrome.