Retrospective analysis of perineal herniorrhaphy with cone-shaped polypropylene mesh in dogs: technique description and outcome.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the technique for the surgical repair of perineal hernia (PH) in dogs using a polypropylene mesh (PM) and to evaluate its outcomes.

Methods: All dogs were placed in the Trendelenburg position. Castration and caudal celiotomy for cystopexy and colopexy were performed as needed.

Perineal herniorrhaphy with pedunculated tunica vaginalis communis in dogs: Description of the technique and clinical case series.

Background: Perineal hernia (PH) in dogs is caused by the separation of the anal septal muscles and the displacement of pelvic/abdominal organs under the perineal skin. Reconstruction of the pelvic septum by surgical repositioning is the only curative treatment.

Objectives: To describe the procedure and outcomes of surgical repair using the pedunculated tunica vaginalis communis (TVC) for PH in dogs.

Comparison of outcomes between medical and surgical treatment in dogs with prostatic adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study.

Background: Prostatic cancer is uncommon in dogs. Dogs with prostatic carcinoma have been reported to have a poor prognosis. Information regarding prognosis with various surgery options as well as prognosis with surgical vs.

Evaluation of Hindlimb Deformity and Posture in Dogs with Grade 2 Medial Patellar Luxation during Awake Computed Tomography Imaging while Standing.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the degree of bone deformities and hindlimb postural abnormalities in a standing position in awake Toy poodles with and without grade 2 medial patellar luxation (MPL) using high speed 320-row computed tomography (CT).

Methods:  The limbs with grade 2 MPL (MPL-G2 group) and without any orthopaedic disorders (control group) were imaged in a standing position, without sedation or anaesthesia, using CT. In MPL-G2 group, images were obtained when the patella was luxated (G2-L group) and reduced (non-luxation, G2-NL group).

Morphological Analysis of Bone Deformities of the Distal Femur in Toy Poodles with Medial Patellar Luxation.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone deformities of the distal femur of Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation (MPL) using computed tomography.

Methods:  Computed tomography data from 37 stifles of Toy Poodles (16 normal, 10 grade 2 MPL and 11 grade 4 MPL) were analysed. For trochlear morphology, sulcus angle, medial or lateral trochlear inclination and trochlear angle were compared.

Functional Anatomy of the Craniolateral and Caudomedial Bundles of the Caudal Cruciate Ligament in Beagle Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate functional anatomy of the craniolateral bundle (CrLB) and caudomedial bundle (CdMB) of caudal cruciate ligament in normal Beagles.

Materials And Methods:  Twelve stifle joints of 12 Beagle cadavers that were euthanatized for reasons other than musculoskeletal disease were used. Anatomical characteristics of femoral and tibial attachment regions of the caudal cruciate ligament were described, and location and area of the footprints of the CrLB and CdMB were objectively determined.

Variations in gene expression levels with severity of synovitis in dogs with naturally occurring stifle osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the major causes of chronic pain in dogs. However, the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully understood in dogs. The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, nerve growth factor and its receptor, and matrix metalloproteinases in the synovium of dogs with spontaneous OA as well as to elucidate their relationships with the severity of synovitis.

Recombinant canine basic fibroblast growth factor-induced differentiation of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into voltage- and glutamate-responsive neuron-like cells.

Introduction: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a promising cytokine in regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury. In this study, recombinant canine bFGF (rc-bFGF) was synthesized for clinical use in dogs, and the ability of rc-bFGF to differentiate canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into functional neurons was investigated.

Methods: The rc-bFGF was synthesized using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system.

Utility of a novel activity monitor assessing physical activities and sleep quality in cats.

Osteoarthritis in cats is more prevalent because cats are living longer with advancement in veterinary medicine. Objective evaluation of behavioral changes in cats with osteoarthritis can facilitate an early diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of a novel activity monitor for analyzing physical activities and sleep quality in cats.

Pharyngeal contraction secondary to its collapse in dogs with brachycephalic airway syndrome.

Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS) is a common disease in certain "flat-faced" dog breeds. This syndrome includes stenotic nares, elongated and thickened soft palate, laryngeal collapse, and tracheal hypoplasia. Pharyngeal collapse is also commonly observed, but it is unclear if laryngopharynx motions are merely sequelae or actually contribute to BAS respiratory symptoms.

Computed tomographic-derived measurements of shunt fraction and hepatic perfusion in dogs with a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a clinical setting.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and usefulness of measuring shunt fraction (SF) and hepatic perfusion with CT in dogs with a single extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EPSS).

Animals: 36 client-owned dogs with EPSS.

Procedures: Dogs with EPSS referred for treatment between February 2016 and May 2017 were eligible for the clinical trial.

Inhibition of growth of canine-derived vascular endothelial cells by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and atrial natriuretic peptide.

This study investigated the direct effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on canine-derived vascular endothelial cells (VECs). VECs were isolated and cultured from canine arteries and veins. The mRNA expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, cyclooxygenase-2, and natriuretic peptide receptor 1 were detected in the cultured VECs.

Functional Anatomy of the Craniomedial and Caudolateral Bundles of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Beagle Dogs.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to investigate detailed functional anatomy of the craniomedial bundle (CrMB) and caudolateral bundle (CdLB) of cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) for application of intra-articular anatomical reconstruction in dogs.

Materials And Methods:  Twelve stifle joint of 12 Beagle cadavers were used. Anatomical characteristics of femoral attachment regions of the CrCL were determined.

Triple-phase helical computed tomography in dogs with solid splenic masses.

We investigated the utility of triple-phase helical computed tomography (CT) in differentiating between benign and malignant splenic masses in dogs. Forty-two dogs with primary splenic masses underwent triple-phase helical CT scanning (before administration of contrast, and in the arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase) prior to splenectomy. Tissue specimens were sent for pathological diagnosis; these included hematomas (n=14), nodular hyperplasias (n=12), hemangiosarcomas (n=11), and undifferentiated sarcomas (n=5).

Preoperative Differential Diagnosis of Canine Adrenal Tumors Using Triple-Phase Helical Computed Tomography.

Objective: To characterize the computed tomography (CT) findings for canine adrenal tumors, including cortical adenoma, cortical adenocarcinoma, and pheochromocytoma, and to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of preoperative triple-phase helical CT for differentiation of tumor types and surgical planning.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Dogs with adrenal tumors (n=36).

Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography.

Objectives: To evaluate morphological parameters of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation (MPL) using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and to compare these parameters between radiography and CT.

Methods: Thirty-five hindlimbs of Toy Poodles were divided into normal and grade 2 and 4 MPL groups. The anatomical and mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle, anatomical and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA, mLDFA), femoral varus angle (FVA), inclination of the femoral head angle, procurvation angle, anteversion angle (AA), frontal angle of the femoral neck, mechanical medial proximal or distal tibial angle, mechanical cranial proximal or distal tibial angle, tibial plateau angle, tibial torsion angle (TTA), Z angle, relative tibial tuberosity width, ratio of the medial distance of tibial tuberosity to the proximal tibial width (MDTT/PTW), patella size, and the patellar ligament length: patellar length (L:P) ratio were evaluated on radiography and 3D CT.

Gene expression of growth factors and growth factor receptors for potential targeted therapy of canine hepatocellular carcinoma.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of growth factors and growth factor receptors of primary hepatic masses, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and nodular hyperplasia (NH), in dogs. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of 18 genes in 18 HCCs, 10 NHs, 11 surrounding non-cancerous liver tissues and 4 healthy control liver tissues. Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B), transforming growth factor-α, epidermal growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor were found to be differentially expressed in HCC compared with NH and the surrounding non-cancerous and healthy control liver tissues.

Triple-phase helical computed tomography in dogs with hepatic masses.

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of triple-phase helical computed tomography (CT) for differentiating canine hepatic masses. Seventy dogs with hepatic masses underwent triple-phase CT followed by surgical removal of the hepatic masses. Triple-phase helical CT scans for each dog included precontrast, arterial phase, portal venous phase, and delayed phase studies.

Plasma adrenomedullin concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valvular disease.

Adrenomedullin (AM), a peptide identified to have vasodilating and natriuretic effects, is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. To evaluate plasma AM concentration in dogs with myxomatous mitral valvular disease (MMVD), and to investigate the associations between the concentrations of plasma AM and natriuretic peptides and the echocardiographic data, we evaluated plasma AM concentrations in 31 healthy control dogs and 57 dogs with MMVD. Plasma AM concentrations in dogs with MMVD were higher than that in the control subjects.

En block resection of a large hepatocellular carcinoma involving the caudal vena cava in a dog.

A 13-year-old neutered female Shih Tzu was referred for investigation of a cranial abdominal mass. Investigations including conventional radiography, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography confirmed the mass in the caudate lobe of the liver. As a collateral vein originating from the caudal vena cava (CVC) communicated with the azygos vein, the CVC was ligated and transected cranial to the right renal vein and cranial to the mass under temporary occlusion of the thoracic descending aorta and posthepatic CVC.

Cloning of prepro-adrenomedullin and mRNA expression in cats.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the sequence of feline prepro-adrenomedullin (AM) and its tissue distribution and to investigate whether expression of feline AM mRNA increases in association with spontaneous cardiomyopathy. The feline prepro-AM cDNA sequence and deduced amino acids were 564 base pairs and 188 residues, respectively. The cDNA sequences of feline prepro-AM including AM and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide showed high homology with those of other mammalian species.

Hemodynamic and biochemical changes during total hepatic vascular exclusion in dogs.

Twelve healthy Beagles were divided into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. To compare 2 methods of total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE), we investigated the hemodynamic changes during THVE and assessed the influences on hepatic, renal and pancreatic biochemistry and the complications after THVE. In Group A, the thoracic aorta, hepatic pedicle and prehepatic and posthepatic caudal vena cava were occluded for 20 min, while in Group B, the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries, hepatic pedicle and prehepatic and posthepatic caudal vena cava were occluded for 20 min.

Gene expression of adrenomedullin in canine normal tissues and diseased hearts.

The purposes of this study were to determine the tissue distribution of canine adrenomedullin (AM) and to determine whether increased canine AM mRNA expression is associated with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to mitral regurgitation (MR). Canine AM mRNA expression was detectable in various normal tissues, including cardiovascular tissues. In addition, the AM mRNA expression in the left atrium of dogs with MR was significantly higher than that in normal subjects.

Evaluation of left ventricular Tei index (index of myocardial performance) in healthy dogs and dogs with mitral regurgitation.

The left ventricular (LV) Tei index (index of myocardial performance) has been demonstrated to be clinically useful in estimating comprehensive LV function, including the systolic and diastolic performances, in various human cardiac diseases. The purposes of this study were to validate the correlation between the LV Tei index and LV function obtained by cardiac catheterization in healthy dogs, and to evaluate the LV Tei index in dogs with naturally occurring mitral regurgitation (MR). In healthy dogs, the LV Tei index was significantly correlated with the LV peak +dP/dt (r = -0.