Effect of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Childhood Pneumonia Hospitalizations and Deaths in Botswana.

Background: Globally, pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children. Few data exist regarding the effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) on the burden of childhood pneumonia in African settings.

Methods: We collected data on children aged 1 to 59 months at 3 hospitals in Botswana.

Healthcare-associated infections including neonatal bloodstream infections in a leading tertiary hospital in Botswana.

: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) increase morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and costs, and should be prevented where possible. In addition, up to 71% of neonates are prone to bloodstream infections (BSI) during intensive care due to a variety of factors. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to estimate the burden of HAIs and possible risk factors in a tertiary hospital in Botswana as well as describe current trends in bacterial isolates from neonatal blood specimen and their antibiotic resistance patterns.

Risk Factors for Measles in HIV-infected Children and Adolescents in Botswana.

We conducted a matched case-control study of 566 HIV-infected children in Botswana during a 2009-2010 measles outbreak to identify the risk factors for measles. Children in the oldest age quartile (≥13.1 years) were 4-fold more likely to acquire measles than those in the youngest quartile (<7.