Nrf2 deficiency in muscle attenuates experimental autoimmune myositis-induced muscle weakness.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are systemic autoimmune diseases characterised by muscle weakness. Although multiple physiological and pathological processes are associated with IIMs, T-lymphocyte infiltration into muscle plays a key role in the development and exacerbation of IIMs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates inflammatory responses; therefore, muscle Nrf2 may serve an important role in the development of IIMs.

Muscle-derived IL-1β regulates EcSOD expression via the NBR1-p62-Nrf2 pathway in muscle during cancer cachexia.

Oxidative stress contributes to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in cancer cachexia. However, this outcome may be mitigated by an improved endogenous antioxidant defence system. Here, using the well-established oxidative stress-inducing muscle atrophy model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in 13-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, we demonstrate that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) levels increase in the cachexia-prone extensor digitorum longus muscle.

Interleukin-1β triggers muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and protects muscles from doxorubicin-induced atrophy.

Doxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for cancer, causes skeletal muscle atrophy and adversely affects mobility and strength. Given that doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy is attributable primarily to oxidative stress, its effects could be mitigated by antioxidant-focused therapies; however, these protective therapeutic targets remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that doxorubicin triggers severe muscle atrophy via upregulation of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde) and atrogenes (atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle RING finger-1) in association with decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle.

Muscle p62 stimulates the expression of antioxidant proteins alleviating cancer cachexia.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia, and more glycolytic muscles are preferentially affected. Sequestosome1/SQSTM1 (i.e.

Regular exercise stimulates endothelium autophagy via IL-1 signaling in ApoE deficient mice.

Regular exercise maintains arterial endothelial cell homeostasis and protects the arteries from vascular disease, such as peripheral artery disease and atherosclerosis. Autophagy, which is a cellular process that degrades misfolded or aggregate proteins and damaged organelles, plays an important role in maintaining organ and cellular homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether regular exercise stimulates autophagy in aorta endothelial cells of mice prone to atherosclerosis independently of their circulating lipid profile.

Muscle-derived SDF-1α/CXCL12 modulates endothelial cell proliferation but not exercise training-induced angiogenesis.

Chemokines are critical mediators of angiogenesis in several physiological and pathological conditions; however, a potential role for muscle-derived chemokines in exercise-stimulated angiogenesis in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Here, we postulated that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1α/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12: CXCL12), shown to promote neovascularization in several organs, contributes to angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. We found that CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in capillary-rich oxidative soleus and exercise-trained plantaris muscles.

p62/SQSTM1 and Nrf2 are essential for exercise-mediated enhancement of antioxidant protein expression in oxidative muscle.

Increased muscle contractile activity, as observed with regular exercise, prevents oxidative stress-induced muscle wasting, at least partially, by improving the antioxidant defense system. Phosphorylated p62/sequestosome1 competitively binds to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which stimulates transcription of antioxidant/electrophile responsive elements. However, it remains to be determined if this process is activated by regular exercise in skeletal muscle.

Maternal exercise training attenuates endotoxin-induced sepsis in mice offspring.

Regular exercise during pregnancy can prevent offspring from several diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and type II diabetes during adulthood. However, little information is available about whether maternal exercises during pregnancy protect the offspring from infectious diseases, such as sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This study aimed to investigate whether maternal exercise training protects the offspring from endotoxin-induced septic shock in mice.

Well-leg compartment syndrome after laparoscopic low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer in the lithotomy position: A case report.

A 64-year-old man underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for lower rectal cancer. Because he was overweight (BMI, 28.1 kg/m ) with rich visceral fat and a narrow pelvic cavity, the operation was technically difficult and the operation time was 686 min.

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory failure caused by liver abscess.

Liver abscess remains a life-threatening disease, particularly when it results in systemic organ failure necessitating intensive care. Only few cases of respiratory failure caused by liver abscess and treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been reported. Here we present a case of liver abscess with rapid progression of multiple organ dysfunction, including severe acute respiratory failure on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Role of nuclear localization of PSMB1 in transcriptional activation.

The production of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is higher in adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes. We have found that proteasome subunit beta type 1 (PSMB1) is a transcriptional activator of Rbp4. In the present study, the putative tyrosine phosphorylation site in PSMB1 was mutated to phenylalanine.

Measurement of angular distribution of soft X-ray radiation from thin targets in the tabletop storage ring MIRRORCLE-20SX.

The only available tabletop electron storage rings are the machines from the MIRRORCLE series. The electrons are accelerated in a microtron and injected into the storage ring. During its circulation, each electron passes through a tiny target many times, emitting a photon beam.

Prussian blue nanoparticles protected by the water-soluble pi-conjugated polymer PEDOT-S: synthesis and multiple-color pH-sensing with a redox reaction.

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs), stabilized for the first time by the pi-conjugated polymer poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2yl-methoxy-1-butanesulfonic acid, potassium salt) (PEDOT-S), demonstrated a novel multiple-color pH-sensing function with a redox reaction based on the electronic interaction between the PB nano-core and the PEDOT-S shell.

Estimation of surface structure and carbon monoxide oxidation site of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles.

Surface structures of shape-controlled Pt nanoparticles have been estimated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Cubic and cuboctahedral Pt nanoparticles are prepared using a capping polymer. These nanoparticles give CVs similar to those of single crystal electrodes of Pt in sulfuric acid solution.

Fabrication of a tubular FeCo bimetallic nanostructure using a cellulose-cobalt hexacyanoferrate composite as a precursor.

A tubular fibre structure with a ca. 9-11 microm outer diameter comprised of FeCo nanoparticle assemblies with an amorphous carbon core was fabricated via reductive thermal decomposition of a cellulose-cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Fe-CN-Co) composite material.

Performance of the far-IR beamline of the 6 MeV tabletop synchrotron light source.

The performance of the far-infrared (FIR) beamline of the 6 MeV tabletop synchrotron light source MIRRORCLE-6FIR dedicated to far-infrared spectroscopy is presented. MIRRORCLE-6FIR is equipped with a perfectly circular optical system (PhSR) placed around the 1 m-long circumference electron orbit. To illustrate the facility of this light source, the FIR output as well as its spectra were measured.

Control of stripelike and hexagonal self-assembly of gold nanoparticles by the tuning of interactions between triphenylene ligands.

We describe the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) protected with newly synthesized discotic liquid crystalline molecules of hexaalkoxy-substituted triphenylene (TP) in mixed toluene/methanol solvent. The stripelike (i.e.

Temporal evolution of composition and crystal structure of cobalt hexacyanoferrate nano-polymers synthesized in reversed micelles.

Nanometer-size metal coordination polymers are fascinating to explore, since their unique properties are controlled by a large ratio of surface atoms, which is an entirely different effect from that in a bulk crystal. In this report, we have demonstrated the reaction time-induced structural conversion of nanometer-sized metal coordination nano-polymers (MCNPs). The MCNP selected here was a Prussian blue analogue, cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Fe-CN-Co) with ca.

Preparation of single-crystalline platinum nanowires with small diameters under mild conditions.

We report a convenient method to synthesize single-crystalline platinum nanowires with high aspect ratio of ca. 2.0 nm diameter by sophisticated and precise control of Pt(0) nuclei and their growth.

Self-assembly of discotic liquid crystalline molecule-modified gold nanoparticles: control of 1D and hexagonal ordering induced by solvent polarity.

Gold nanoparticles fully coated with discotic liquid crystalline molecules of hexaalkoxy-substituted triphenylene (Au-TP) have been synthesised, the self-assembled structure of which could be controlled (hexagonal or 1D nanochain) just by altering the ratio of methanol to toluene in the solvent.

Novel synthetic approach to creating PtCo alloy nanoparticles by reduction of metal coordination nano-polymers.

PtCo alloy nanoparticles with different metal elemental ratios (Pt/Co = 0.9, 1.6, 2.

Synthesis and isolation of cobalt hexacyanoferrate/chromate metal coordination nanopolymers stabilized by alkylamino ligand with metal elemental control.

This Communication describes the novel isolation with metal elemental control of cobalt hexacyanoferrate/chromate metal coordination polymers, stabilized by stearylamine (Co-Fe/Cr-SA) as a protecting coordination ligand in a reverse micelle technique. Each Co-Fe/Cr-SA can be isolated with high uniformity of particle size and elemental composition, and the ratio of the metal component depends on the fundamental characteristics of Co-Fe/Cr-SA: the nanopolymer's shape, color, and magnetism.