[Pathomorphological criteria for the differential diagnosis of leukoplakia and chronic recurrent papillomavirus cystitis].

Introduction: According to the literature of recent years, there has been an increased interest in non-oncological diseases of the bladder, between which differential diagnostics have to be carried out in order to determine a plan for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these nosologies. There are often certain difficulties in the differential diagnosis of some forms of viral cystitis and leukoplakia OBJECTIVE: to determine pathomorphological criteria for the differential diagnosis of leukoplakia and chronic recurrent papillomavirus cystitis.

Materials And Methods: The prospective study included 85 sexually active patients aged 20-45 years, who were divided into two groups depending on the etiological factor.

[Pediatric sensorineural hearing loss related COVID-19. Clinical cases].

Unlabelled: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory coronavirus infection in 2019 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, the number of neurological complications in the acute or delayed period of coronavirus disease is increasing, including peripheral disorders of the auditory analyzer.

Objective: To present clinical cases of sensorineural hearing loss in children under 5 years of age after a novel coronavirus infection.

[Immunological parameters of urine in differential diagnosis of chronic recurrent cystitis in women].

Introduction: Chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) is a complex multifaceted problem of modern uroinfectology.

Objective: To study the immunological parameters of urine in patients with chronic recurrent cystitis depending on the etiological factor.

Materials And Methods: The prospective study included 71 patients aged 20-45 years who had previously been diagnosed with recurrent lower urinary tract infection: chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) during an exacerbation period.

Divergent Synthesis of 3-(Indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-ones and 4-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl(aryl)cinnolines via Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA)-Mediated Intramolecular Rearrangements of 3-(Methyl/aryl(2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)quinoxalin-2-ones.

Herein, we report a polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-mediated divergent metal-free operation to access a diverse collection of 3-(indol-2-yl)quinoxalin-2-ones and 4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-methylcinnolines in moderate to excellent overall yields. The described process involves two distinct, and competing rearrangements of 3-(methyl(2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)quinoxalin-2-ones, namely [3,3]-sigmatropic Fischer rearrangement with the formation of an indole ring to produce 3-(indol-2-yl)-quinoxalin-2-ones, and Mamedov rearrangement with simultaneous construction of benzimidazole and cinnoline rings to form the new biheterocyclic system─4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-methylcinnolines. The reaction mechanism of both rearrangement channels is explored by extensive dispersion-corrected DFT calculations.

[Cytological examination of urine in the differential diagnosis of recurrent lower urinary tract infection].

Introduction: A diagnosis and treatment of recurrent lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in women is still one of the unresolved problems of urology. The proper identification of the etiological factor determines the treatment tactics. Therefore, the most urgent issue of recurrent lower UTI is the differential diagnosis of the causative pathogens.

[Modern aspects of the etiological structure of chronic recurrent cystitis].

The review is devoted to the study of modern aspects of the etiological structure of chronic recurrent cystitis. The search was carried out using the databases Medline, PubMed, EMBASE. The data of the literature search indicate that chronic recurrent cystitis in women is one of the most common and urgent problems in modern urology, which affects all age categories and has a polyetiological structure.

Synthesis of Morpholine-, Piperidine-, and -Substituted Piperazine-Coupled 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-arylquinoxalines as Novel Potent Antitumor Agents.

A novel series of 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoxalines with three types of pharmacophore groups, namely, piperazine, piperidine, and morpholine moieties, which are part of known antitumor drugs, was designed and synthesized. The compounds have been characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. 2-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoxalines with -methylpiperazine substituents showed promising activity against a wide range of cancer lines, without causing hemolysis and showing little cytotoxicity against normal human Wi-38 cells (human fetal lung).

Bromine-Promoted One-Pot Furo[]annulation and α-C(sp)-Thiomethylation Cascade of ()-3-Styrylquinoxalin-2(1)-ones with Dimethyl Sulfoxide.

A new process has been developed for the bromine-promoted sequential (sp)C = (sp)C bond functionalization of ()-3-styrylquinoxalin-2(1)-ones and furo[]annulation via the 5-cyclization in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The reaction represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of 2-aryl-3-(methylthio)furo[2,3-]quinoxalines and involves 3-(1,2-dibromo-2-arylethyl)quinoxalin-2(1)-ones and 2-arylfuro[2,3-]quinoxalines as key intermediates. Furthermore, DMSO was converted to dimethyl sulfide in situ, which served as the methylthiolation reagent in the reaction.

[Subjective assessment of the effect of septoplasty on respiratory and voice functions].

Objective: To assess the impact of septoplasty on quality of life by measuring changes in nasal breathing and voice function using subjective assessment questionnaires.

Material And Methods: The study included 98 patients who underwent septoplasty for the nasal septum deviation. The effect of the operation on nasal breathing was assessed subjectively using the Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) questionnaire, and the effect on voice function was assessed using the Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30) questionnaire.

[Efficacy of Uronext in chronic recurrent bacterial-viral cystitis with multiple resistance to antibacterial drugs].

Chronic recurrent cystitis (CRC) is one of the most common diseases of the lower urinary tract in the female population. Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, despite the observance of modern clinical recommendations for CRC, are due to the versatility and polyetiology of the pathogenesis of the disease. The most difficult and discussed section of this problem is the diagnosis and treatment of CRC of papillomavirus (PV) etiology.

Synthesis and Mechanistic Insights of the Formation of 3-Hydroxyquinolin-2-ones including Viridicatin from 2-Chloro-,3-diaryloxirane-2-carboxamides under Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangements.

-Benzyl-2-chloro-,3-diaryloxirane-2-carboxamides, easily obtained from aromatic aldehydes and anilides of dichloroacetic acid under Darzens condensation conditions, proved to be excellent starting compounds for the synthesis of 3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones, cyclohepto[]pyrrole-2,3-diones, and 1-azaspiro[4.5]deca-3,6,9-triene-2-ones via the C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation in the first case and C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation in the second and third cases. Under optimized reaction conditions, 3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones are obtained in a one-pot process, which involves the treatment of -benzyl-2-chloro-,3-diaryloxirane-2-carboxamides with CFCOH or AcOH/HSO.

The Dimroth Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrimidines - Structural Analogs of Antiviral Compounds.

The review discusses the use of the Dimroth rearrangement in the synthesis of condensed pyrimidines which are key structural fragments of antiviral agents. The main attention is given to publications over the past 10 years. The bibliography includes 107 references.

[Phenotyping of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the prostate in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is expressed by all epithelial cells of the human body. Although the main proportion of ACE is synthesized by the lungs, in men, ACE is also secreted by the testes (testicular form), seminal vesicles and the prostate. In semen, the level of ACE is up to 50 times higher than in blood plasma.

Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangements of 3-Aryloxirane-2-Carboxamides: Novel DFT Mechanistic Insights.

Efficient synthesis of 3-arylquinolin-2(1)-ones and -(2-carboxyaryl)-oxalamides from protic acid-catalyzed rearrangements of 3-aryloxirane-2-carboxamides was achieved recently but not well understood. In contrast to the classical Meinwald rearrangement, extensive DFT calculations reveal that the proximal aryl and amide groups have strong synergetic effects to control the amide-aided and aryl-directed oxirane-opening and further rearrangement sequences. The -nitro substituent of the proximal aryl is directly involved in a nucleophilic oxirane ring-opening, the amide C=O is an important proton shuttle for facile H-shifts, while the -aryl may act as a potential ring-closing site via Friedel-Crafts alkylation.

Acid-Catalyzed Multicomponent Rearrangements 2-((Quinoxalin-3(4)-on-2-yl)(aryl)methylene)malononitriles, Generated , for Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroles with Different Substitution Patterns.

New three-component domino reactions, providing divergent approaches to multifunctionalized pyrroles with different substitution patterns, have been established (47 examples). In this work, a new rearrangement of quinoxalinones with the participation of the -generated 2-en-1-imine moiety of the substituent at C3 makes it possible to construct two new heterocyclic systems, namely, a benzimidazolone and a pyrrole, simultaneously under one-pot reaction conditions. The reaction is easy to perform simply by mixing three common reactants of acetic acid with heating.

Tissue ACE phenotyping in prostate cancer.

Epithelial cells of prostate express significant level of ACE and, as a result, seminal fluid has 50-fold more ACE than plasma. The substitution of highly specialized prostate epithelial cells by tumor cells results in dramatic decrease in ACE production in prostate tissues. We performed detailed characterization of ACE status in prostate tissues from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) using new approach- ACE phenotyping, that includes evaluation of: 1) ACE activity with two substrates (HHL and ZPHL); 2) the ratio of the rates of their hydrolysis (ZPHL/HHL ratio); 3) the ratio of immunoreactive ACE protein to ACE activity; 4) the pattern of mAbs binding to different epitopes on ACE - ACE conformational fingerprint - to reveal conformational changes in prostate ACE due to prostate pathology.

Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of 3-Cyanoquinoxalin-2(1)-ones When Exposed to 1,2-Diaminobenzenes: Synthesis of 2,2'-Bibenzimidazoles.

A novel and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diversely substituted 2,2'-bibenzimidazoles from the reaction of 3-cyanoquinoxalin-2(1)-ones with 1,2-diaminobenzenes has been developed, which proceeds through sequential nucleophilic addition and electrophilic substitution followed by a Mamedov rearrangement. The synthetic utility of this strategy was illustrated by the concise, one-pot synthesis of 5,5'-bi(2,2'-bibenzimidazoles) and aza-analogues of 2,2'-bibenzimidazole.

2,3-(Dibenzimidazol-2-yl)quinoxalines: Unexpected Dynamical Effect on Steady-State Electronic Absorption Spectra.

We report on the electronic absorption spectra, conformational behavior, and intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds of 2,3-(dibenzimidazol-2-yl)-quinoxaline (DBIQ). The experimentally found strong solvent dependence of the absorption spectra of DBIQ solutions cannot be assigned to electronic excitations of the equilibrium ground-state DBIQ structure. Extended consideration including the nonequilibrium structures within the framework of ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) revealed the importance of torsion molecular motions not covered by the static case.

[Biomarkers of prostate cancer and potential for using ace produced in prostate gland for diagnosis of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the male population and incidence of different stages is increasing every year. The efficiency of PCa treatment is strongly dependent on the its stage. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is the most widely used and universal biomarker of PCa worldwide.

Multi-targeted approach by 2-benzimidazolylquinoxalines-loaded cationic arginine liposomes against сervical cancer cells in vitro.

Multi-targeted approaches for inhibition of сervical cancer cells in vitro were developed by implementing two different strategies and drug combination for creation of new therapeutic target agents and for nanotechnological-enhancement of intracellular delivery. New 2-benzimidazolylquinoxalines derivatives were synthesized and characterized by combining two different pharmacophores - benzimidazole and quinoxaline rings directly bonded in their structures. Spectrophotometric technique for determination of content of compounds in various media was developed to evaluate their solubility in water and micellar solutions of surfactants.

One-Pot Synthesis of 7-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)thioxolumazine and -lumazine Derivatives via HSO-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Quinoxalinones When Exposed to 5,6-Diamino-2-mercapto- and 2,5,6-Triaminopyrimidin-4-ols.

A facile approach to a range of substituted 7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)thioxolumazines [7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropteridin-4(1 H)-ones] and 7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)lumazines [7-(benzimidazol-2-yl)pteridine-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones] is described. These new biheterocyclic systems are obtained via HSO-catalyzed rearrangement of quinoxalin-2-ones in the presence of 5,6-diamino-2-mercapto- and 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidin-4-ols. Thus, benzimidazole and pteridine rings are constructed in one synthetic step.

Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-4-arylquinolin-2-ones Including Viridicatol via a Darzens Condensation/Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Strategy.

The new efficient synthesis of biologically important 3-hydroxy-4-arylquinolin-2-ones through the Darzens condensation (epoxidation) of dichloroacetanilides with aromatic aldehydes followed by one-pot dechlorative epoxide-arene cyclization is described. This methodology has been utilized for the synthesis of naturally occurring viridicatol, a fungal metabolite isolated from the penicillium species.

Benzimidazolylquinoxalines: novel fluorophores with tuneable sensitivity to solvent effects.

We report on the photophysical properties, conjugation, conformational behavior, intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) of a series of novel fluorophores, consisting of 3-arylquinoxaline and benzimidazole moieties linked by a single CC bond. Computations employing density functional theory (DFT) reveal that conjugation between these moieties stabilizes syn-conformers with two HB centers located on the same side of the molecule. Anti-conformers form stronger intermolecular HBs with DMSO and DMF than syn-conformers, and this influences the energy gap between syn- and anti-forms, especially upon excitation of the molecules to the S state.