[NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND OWN EXPERIENCE].

According to the literature, the main neurological complications of COVID-19 are hyposmia, hypogeia, headache, dizziness, myalgia, and severe neurological syndromes like encephalopathy, stroke, and coma. The mechanisms of neurological complications of the acute period are direct viral damage, hypoxic damage, and immune damage due to the activation of inflammation, including autoantibodies. After the end of the acute phase of the disease, neurological complications in the form of asthenic syndrome, vascular syndrome, exacerbation of chronic diseases (deterioration of cognitive and communication functions in patients with autism, schizophrenia, exacerbation of autoimmune neurological diseases, aggravation of the condition of patients with tics, increased frequency of epileptic seizures in adults and children, resumption of epileptic seizures in patients who were previously in stable remission, the debut of epileptic seizures).

[Treatment of experimental corneal injuries by dioxidine and urotropin solutions].

The efficiency of 1% dioxidine and 5% urotropin solutions in suppurative penetrating corneal wounds was studied in 2 experimental series on 54 rabbits. In series A toxic effects of these drugs on eyeball tissues were studied on 6 rats, in series B drug effects were studied on a model of suppurative penetrating corneal wounds. A 21-day course of therapy with these drugs (instillations and subconjunctival parabulbar injections) caused no toxic changes in ocular tissues.

[Specific relationships of the content of iron, transferrin, ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in rat blood in various types of wound healing processes].

Correlation between parameters of iron metabolism and the antioxidative system activity was studied in blood of 220 Wistar rats with simulated aseptic and infectious types of wound healing. Deposition of iron and stability of the anti-oxidation system were impaired in purulent complication of wound healing. At the same time, a high correlation between the patterns studied was detected in aseptic form of healing, suggesting distinct co-ordination between the antioxidative system components.

[Antioxidant therapy of purulent wounds in animal experiments].

A new complex method for treating purulent wounds has been elaborated in the experiment on 22 mature chinchilla rabbits with a simulated abscess. It has been established that a combined use of a 2% alcohol solution of ionol, a 10% aqueous solution of urotropin for irrigation of the wound cavity and a single administration of nialamide cuts down the time two-fold for cleaning wounds and development of granulations and by 40% for the wound complete healing.

[The interrelationship between serotonin and lipid peroxidation products during experimental wound healing].

On 220 male Wistar rats with models of aseptic and contaminated skin wounds the authors studied interrelationship between serotonin and hydroperoxide in the wound tissues and the blood. A comparative analysis of the changes of these indices in the blood and tissues showed that the degree of these disorders on the 1st day after the operation was determined by operational trauma and with the development of purulent inflammation intensive initiation of lipoperoxidation products takes place.

[Ascorbic acid and hydroxyproline levels in the serum and granulation tissue of rats with aseptic and infected wounds].

Hydroxyproline and ascorbic acid were measured in wound tissues and ascorbic acid was determined in the blood sera of 230 mature male Wistar rats with aseptic and infected surface wounds on days 1-10 (daily), 12, and 15. The principal morphologic characteristics of the granulation tissue were assessed by semiquantitative methods. An infected wound is characterized by increased hydroxyproline levels in the granulation tissue and elevated ascorbic acid concentration in the blood serum.

[Immunoreactive systems in the healing of aseptic and infected wounds in an experiment].

Main parameters of systemic immune reactivity were studied in 240 mature Wistar male rats with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds before surgical intervention, and 1-10, 12 and 15 days after it. It was stated that aseptic wounds were responsible for nonspecific systemic response to the stress, whereas the presence of bacterial flora in the wound inhibited the development of humoral immune response in the presence of T-cell activation thus causing the dysfunction of the immune system and therefore affecting the course of wound progress. The consideration of all factors mentioned permits averting wound purulent complications in postsurgical period.

[Serine protease activity in blood plasma during the healing of aseptic and infected wounds under experimental conditions].

Activity of serine proteases--kallikrein-like activity (KLA) and plasmin-like activity (PLA)--were studied in the blood plasma of 220 sexually mature male Wistar rats with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds in the time course before the operation, daily from the 1st to 10th day, as well as 12 and 15 days after the surgery. During the healing of aseptic and especially infected wound blood plasma KLA and PLA were found to be decreasing, thus indicating the active role of factor-XII-dependent systems in wound healing, reflecting the response of the body to operation-induced injury and wound infection, and dependent on the character and stage of wound healing course.

[State of anti- and pro-oxidative systems during the healing of aseptic and infected wounds in animal experiments].

Time-course changes in the specific activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydroperoxides were studied in granulation tissue and blood serum of 230 Wistar male rats weighing 200-210 g with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds before and 1-10, 12, 15 days after the operation. Differences in the level range of SOD and hydroperoxides specific activity were demonstrated in tissues and sera. The dependence of hydroperoxide levels on the wound stage, as well as the dependence of SOD specific activity time-course on the character and severity of wound were stated.

[Dynamics of cAMP contents and cAMP-binding capacity of tissue in the healing of different types of wound in animal experiments].

The paper considers the alterations in the cAMP and cAMP-binding capacity of proteins in the tissues of aseptic and infected wounds on 220 experimental Wistar male rats weighing 200-210 g. Variations of cyclic nucleotide levels in the time course of wound healing have been found to be dependent on the ratio between free and bound forms of cyclic nucleotides. There are stated the differences in the cAMP level range that arise from a variety of reasons during the healing of infected and aseptic wounds.

[A method of identifying lipid peroxidation products in the blood].

Newer method of thermofluorescence developed and experimentally used for identification of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in the blood serum implied the application of 0.02 ml of studied serum onto a paper filter small disk (8mm in diameter) which was placed then on the cuvette of -38 device supplied with a heating element and thermopara. When thermopara was switched on and the blind opened, the cuvette was heated up to 120 degrees C with the heating rate of 60 degrees C per minute.

[Changes in the lipid peroxidation activity and intensity of tissue respiration during healing of aseptic and infected wounds in animal experiments].

The variance of lipid peroxidation (LPO) was studied by the concentrations of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the tissue of wound bed and blood serum on the model of surface musculocutaneous aseptic and infected wounds simulated in 250 rats. The speed of oxygen consumption by isolated wound tissue was determined simultaneously. It was stated that the time course of MDA concentration in wounds and sera as well as tissue respiration in animals with infected wounds differed from those in animals with aseptic wounds.

[Method of creating a model for assessing the effectiveness of preparing the wound surface for autodermoplasty in an experiment].

Twenty rabbits and fourty male rats were used for the development of the autodermoplasty model: two symmetrical semilunar skin incisions, turned to one another, with 1 cm space between the ends of the arches, were made on the back of the animal. The skin with subcutaneous fat was exfoliated from above the muscular tissue in the area between the incisions. Elastic arched net-shaped fluoroplastic plate, matching to the size of the exfoliated skin graft and raising it 1.

[A method for creating an experimental model of abscess].

A technique of 7-day formation of an intramuscular abscess which is clinically and morphologically similar to that frequently encountered in clinical practice has been tried on 39 rabbits. The standard model proposed involves the following stages: trauma of the spinal erector 2.5-3 cm to the right or to the left from the midline between the second and fourth lumbar vertebra which is produced by a lumbar puncture under either anesthesia with a pulp extractor brought into the muscle up to 1.

[Cytophotometric study of blood neutrophil and wound exudate myeloperoxidase in experimental wound healing].

Changes in the activity of blood neutrophil and wound exudate myeloperoxidase (MP) have been studied cytophotometrically on the models of aseptic and infected experimental wounds in 220 male Wistar rats on the 1st-10th, 12th and 15th day after wounding. It has been established that changes in MP activity reflect the nature and stages of the pathological process and the animals' reaction to it. MP activity is significantly higher in animals with infected wounds, which indicates the intensity and duration of the inflammatory process and is of prognostic value.

[Phosphatase activity of blood leukocytes and wound exudate during the experimental healing of an aseptic wound].

Cytochemical investigations of plain aseptic wounds simulated in 110 Wistar rats revealed a clear-cut dependence between the variations in the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases in neutrophilic leukocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes of the blood and wound exudate and the stage of the healing process. Elevated activity of the blood alkaline phosphatase correlated with the term of inflammation phase.

[Functional activity of neutrophilic leukocytes of the blood in patients with phlegmons of the maxillofacial area].

Phagocytic capacities of segmented and rod neutrophils were examined in in vitro studies of whole blood samples taken at weekly intervals from 32 patients with mild to severe phlegmons of odontogenic origin; 25 blood donors served as controls. The ability of neutrophils to take up and digest bacteria was found to be less marked the more severe the disease although the number of actively phagocytizing cells was increased. In some cases of purulent inflammation, though, the neutrophils showed a higher bactericidal potential as compared to the controls.