Fermi level pinning in metal oxides: influence on photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry.

Photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactions are complex processes involving both the physical properties and surface chemistry of the semiconductor photocatalyst. Their interplay applies specific limitations on the performance of different materials in light-driven reactions, often despite their optimal band structure and optical absorption. One of the ways to properly characterize the photocatalytic and PEC properties of semiconductors remains the measurement of the photopotential, which characterizes a driving force of photoinduced processes in the material.

Cerium oxide thin films: synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic activity and influence on microbial growth.

The resistance of surfaces to biofouling remains a significant advantage for optical devices working in natural conditions, increasing their lifetime and reducing maintenance costs. This paper reports on the functionalities of transparent CeO thin films with thicknesses between 25 and 600 nm deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering on the glass substrate. The CeO photocatalytic performance exhibited an efficiency of 30% on imidacloprid degradation under 6 h of UV radiation and increased linearly with the irradiation time, suggesting a complete degradation within 48 h.

Physical and chemical properties of dust in the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan.

The aim of this work is study of physical and chemical properties of dust of the Pre-Aral region of Uzbekistan such as Karakalpakstan and Khorezm that are located near the three deserts such as the Aralkum, Karakum, and Kyzylkum. The dust particles fell on glass have been collected in Karakalpakstan and Khorezm and studied systematically by employing wide range of methods. Particle volume vs size distribution has been measured with maximum around 600 nm and ~ 10 µm.

A Novel Thermochemical Metal Halide Treatment for High-Performance SbSe Photocathodes.

The fabrication of cost-effective photostable materials with optoelectronic properties suitable for commercial photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting represents a complex task. Herein, we present a simple route to produce SbSe that meets most of the requirements for high-performance photocathodes. Annealing of SbSe layers in a selenium-containing atmosphere persists as a necessary step for improving device parameters; however, it could complicate industrial processability.

Efficiency of True-Green Light Emitting Diodes: Non-Uniformity and Temperature Effects.

External quantum efficiency of industrial-grade green InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been measured in a wide range of operating currents at various temperatures from 13 K to 300 K. Unlike blue LEDs, the efficiency as a function of current is found to have a multi-peak character, which could not be fitted by a simple ABC-model. This observation correlated with splitting of LED emission spectra into two peaks at certain currents.

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography imaging with a broadband superluminescent diode light source.

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography imaging is performed with a compact broadband superluminescent diode light source. The source consists of two multiplexed broadband superluminescent diodes and has a power output of 4 mW with a spectral bandwidth of 155 nm, centered at a wavelength of 890 nm. In vivo imaging was performed with approximately 2.

[The risk prediction of erectile failure developing after the reconstruction of the aortoiliac segment].

The authors suggest their method for prognosticating the risk of formation of erectile incompetence after reconstruction of the aortoiliac segment. In 78 patients with Leriche's syndrome and maintained erectile function 13 qualitative parameters were determined before the operation (the degree of intermittent claudication, the duration of the disease of the lower limbs, the results of ultrasonic dopplerography and angiography), which were then converted to quantitative discrete characteristics. The obtained set of characteristics was used for prognosticating the condition of the sexual function after the operation by means of the familiar methods of regressive analysis on a personal PS/XT computer according to a program of multidimensional regression in the packet of programs.

[The prognosis of the efficacy of revascularization of the penile corpora cavernosa in the surgical treatment of Leriche's syndrome].

The authors have developed a procedure for predicting the efficiency of penal spongy body revascularization in surgical management. Thirteen qualitative parameters, such as duration of sexual dysfunction, libido, having a sexual intercourse partner, degree of intermittent claudication, duration of lower extremity diseases, penal erection angle after drug test and ultrasound Doppler echography with drug test, were evaluated in 36 patients with Leriche's syndrome and erectile dysfunction. The qualitative parameters obtained were converted to quantitative discrete characteristics.

Surgical treatment and prevention of vasculopathic impotence in conjunction with revascularisation of the lower extremities in Leriche's syndrome.

The results are presented of combined revascularization of the lower extremities and the penis in 29 patients with Leriche's syndrome. This was effected by placing an autogenous venous shunt between the branch of a prosthesis or the common femoral artery and one of the dorsal arteries of the penis. Preoperatively lost sexual function was restored in 6 patients, while in 16 the sexual function was maintained at the preoperative level or improved in the late postoperative period.

[Experimental premises and 1st experiences in the clinical use of antibacterial vascular prostheses under circumstances of increased risk of suppuration].

It was shown on the basis of laboratory and experimental data that created antibacterial vascular prostheses are marked, on the main, by local bacteriostatic and anticoagulative effect. It was found that heparin concentration of 3 to 500 U per 1 kg collagen causes a hyperadhesive effect on blood platelets and facilitates the formation of the primary thrombocytic thrombus. The free surface energy grows in this case from 34 +/- 0.

[The clinical aspects of using Vazaprostan in patients with atherosclerotic involvement of the vessels of the extremities].

A study was made of the clinical efficacy of vasaprostane and its influence on peripheral hemodynamics, microcirculation and hemostasis. The results of the studies made it possible to ascertain that the drug is highly effective, which enables the abatement of the ischemic syndrome to be attained. Vasaprostane was found to improve regional hemodynamics and microcirculation.

[A new method of surgical treatment of vasculogenic impotence].

The authors describe a method of surgical management of vasculogenic impotence consisting in the formation of an anastomosis of an autovenous shunt with the dorsal artery of the penis. To prevent revascularization of the cavernous bodies of the penis with the restoration of erection, the dorsal artery of the penis is divided transversely at the root of the penis, the distal end of the autovenous shunt is given the shape of a trapezium with the upper side sutured, after which the autovenous shunt is anastomosed end to end with both the distal and proximal segments of the dorsal artery of the penis at the lateral sides of the trapezium where the angles were not sutured. The method allows incompetence and thrombosis of the vascular anastomosis to be prevented, raises the efficacy of revascularization of the cavernous bodies of the penis by creating favourable hemodynamic conditions through separation of the blood flow into the distal and proximal segments of the dorsal artery of the penis, which provides retrograde supply of blood into the deep artery of the penis sufficient for adequate revascularization of the cavernous bodies.

[Surgical treatment and prevention of angiogenic impotence in combination with revascularization of the lower extremities in Leriche's syndrome].

The article deals with the results of combined revascularization of the lower limbs and penis in 29 patients with Leriche's syndrome. It was accomplished by creating an autovenous shunt between the blades of the prosthesis or common femoral artery with the dorsal artery of the penis. In the late-term postoperative period the initially lost sexual function was restored in 6 patients and improved or maintained on the preoperative level in 16 patients.

Predicting postoperative arterial pressure in renovascular hypertensive patients.

The authors have developed a method for forecasting the degree of the hypotensive effect of surgery for renovascular hypertension. Fifteen digital parameters were determined in 36 patients with unilateral lesions of the renal arteries by the following methods of preoperative examination: the establishment of the duration of hypertension, radio-isotope renography, determination of renin activity in the peripheral and renovascular (venous) blood, rheonephrography. The obtained set of characteristics was used for the prediction of postoperative arterial pressure values by means of one of the methods of mathematical statistics, the regression analysis in an "SM-4" electronic computer according to a specially created multivariate regression program in the "Fortran-4" language.

[Mechanisms of asthma of effort].

Forty-six patients with bronchial asthma and preasthma and 6 normal persons were examined before and after graded exercise. Measurements were made of changes in glycogenolysis in peripheral lymphocytes, in blood plasma osmolarity, external respiration function ad diffusion capacity of the lungs, and of blood and sputum eosinophilia. Some of the patients were also examined for blood content of catecholamines.

[Biologically active substance levels in exhaled air from patients with pre-asthma and bronchial asthma].

Acetylcholine, serotonin, and histamine levels have been measured in exhaled air humor condensate in 65 patients aged 18 to 60, 44 ones with bronchial asthma and 21 with preasthma. Nonuniform release of biogenic amines and acetylcholine in pulmonologic patients depended on the severity of the inflammatory process in the bronchi, hypoxemia, bronchial obstruction, and reactivity of the bronchi examined during cold air breathing.

[The effect of exercise on the content of biogenic amines and acetylcholine of the blood in bronchial asthma patients].

The content of acetylcholine, histamine and the total amount of catecholamines were measured in blood of 33 patients with bronchial asthma, in 6 patients with preasthma and in 10 practically normal subjects before and after the use of graded exercise (bicycle ergometry). Subgroups of the patients with asthma of effort were singled out. In such patients, exercises resulted in a significant rise of histamine (p less than 0.

[Importance of morphologic examination of the kidneys of patients with vasorenal hypertension for predicting the results of surgical treatment].

Light-optical, electron microscopic and morphometric studies of biopsy material from kidneys of 24 patients with vasorenal hypertension were performed. It was determined that sclerosis of the arteries and arterioles on the side of the lesion was more marked, than in the contralateral kidney. At a later stage of the disease (more than 3 yr.

[Features of renal dynamics among patients with vasorenal hypertension according to rheographic findings].

Preoperative and late postoperative rheonephrographic findings in 23 patients with vasorenal hypertension are reported. Renal rheography was supplemented with a controlled hypotension test. Diagnostic and predictive value of renal rheography and the controlled hypotension test is explained.