EGYPTIAN EOSINOPHILIC AND INFECTIOUS MENINGOENCEPHA- LITIS AND THEIR IMPACT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.

Meningoencephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord & their covering protective membranes. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency. The commonest symptoms of meningitis are headache and neck stiffness associated with fever, confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light (photophobia) or loud noises (phonophobia).

THE ARTHROPOD-BORNE ONCHOCERCIASIS: IS IT DESERVED TO BE NEGLECTED?

Onchocerciasis a filarial parasitic nematode, also known as river blindness and Robles disease, is a neglected tropical disease infecting more than 18 million people mainly in sub-Saharan of Africa, the Middle East, South and Central America and many other countries. Disease infectivity initiates from Onchocerca volvulus (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) transmitted by the blackfly, Simulium sp. which introduces the infective stage larva with its saliva into the skin.

A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSING STAFF ON HEALTH HAZARDS OF CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES EXPOSURE IN A PRACTICAL FIELD.

Unlabelled: An insecticide is an agent used against insects, ticks, mites and other animals affecting human welfare. Exposure to Insecticides is one of the most important occupational risks among staff worker in Military camp, veterinary medicine, industry and household as well as schools and hospitals. This study Aimed to improve nursing staff knowledge regarding adverse health effects of chemical insecticides exposure in a military field.

TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSING STAFF REGARDING VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) refer to a group of illnesses caused by several distinct families of viruses. In general, the term "viral hemorrhagic fever" is used to describe a severe multisystem syndrome (multisystem in that multiple organ systems in the bpdy are affected). Characteristically, the overall vascular system is damaged, and the body's ability to regulate itself is impaired.

Lassa fever or lassa hemorrhagic fever risk to humans from rodent-borne zoonoses.

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) typically manifest as rapidly progressing acute febrile syndromes with profound hemorrhagic manifestations and very high fatality rates. Lassa fever, an acute hemorrhagic fever characterized by fever, muscle aches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and chest and abdominal pain. Rodents are important reservoirs of rodent-borne zoonosis worldwide.

African trypanosomiasis with special reference to Egyptian Trypanosoma evansi: is it a neglected zoonosis?

Trypanosomes (including humans) are blood and sometimes tissue parasites of the order Kinetoplastida, family Trypanosomatidae, genus Trypanosoma, principally transmitted by biting insects where most of them undergo a biological cycle. They are divided into Stercoraria with the posterior station inoculation, including T. cruzi, both an extra- and intracellular parasite that causes Chagas disease, a major human disease affecting 15 million people and threatening 100 million people in Latin America, and the Salivaria with the anterior station inoculation, mainly African livestock pathogenic trypanosomes, including the agents of sleeping sickness, a major human disease affecting around half a million people and threatening 60 million people in Africa.

An interventional program for nursing staff on selected mass gathering infectious diseases at Hajj.

This work improved military nursing staff knowledge on selected mass gathering infectious diseases at Hajj. The results showed that only (20%) of the participating nurses attended training program about health hazard during pilgrim. But only (40.

Hydrocarbon insecticides: their risks for environment and human health.

Insecticides are used to control diseases spread by arthropods, but theys vary greatly in toxicity. Toxicity depends on the chemical and physical properties of a substance, and may be defined as the quality of being poisonous or harmful to animals or plants. Poisons have many different modes of action, but in general cause biochemical changes which interfere with normal body functions.

Botulism as a food poisoning: what is it?

Botulism is a rare but potentially life-threatening neuroparalytic syndrome resulting from the action of a neurotoxin elaborated by the microorganism Clostridium botulinum. This disease has a lengthy history; the first investigation of botulism occurred in the 1820s with a case report on hundreds of patients with "sausage poisoning" in a southern German town. Several decades later in Belgium, the association was demonstrated between a neuromuscular paralysis and ham infected by a spore forming bacillus that was isolated from the ham.

Selected infectious disease disasters for nursing staff training at Egyptian Eastern Border.

Infectious disease disasters are events that involve a biological agent, disease and that result in mass casualties, such as a bioterrorism attack, an emerging outbreak of infectious disease; all disasters pose a risk of infection transmission. But, infectious disease disasters pose the great-risk to illness or death from an infectious disease. This study raised the awareness and improved knowledge by educational program for Military Nursing Staff on selected infectious disease disasters acquired at Egyptian Eastern Border.

The infantile visceral leishmaniasis: could it attack Egyptian north coastal region again?

Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by three species of the L. donovani complex: L. donovani, L.

Arsenic pesticides and environmental pollution: exposure, poisoning, hazards and recommendations.

Arsenic is a metalloid element. Acute high-dose exposure to arsenic can cause severe systemic toxicity and death. Lower dose chronic arsenic exposure can result in subacute toxicity that can include peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, skin eruptions, and hepatotoxicity.

Mosquito vectors of infectious diseases: are they neglected health disaster in Egypt?

In spite of the great technological progress achieved worldwide, still arthropod borne infectious diseases is a puzzle disturbing the health authorities. Among these arthropods, mosquitoes from medical, veterinary and economic point of view top all groups. They are estimated to transmit disease to more than 700 million people annually worldwide mainly in Africa, South America, Central America, Mexico and much of Asia with millions of deaths.

Infection control to avoid surgical site infection.

Infection control is a discipline that applies epidemiologic and scientific principles and statistical analysis to prevent or reduce rates of nosocomial infections. Effective infection control programs proved to reduce the rates of nosocomial infections and to be cost-effective. It is a key component of the broader discipline of hospital epidemiology.

Management of hearing impairment in children.

Hearing loss in children is often a silent and hidden handicap. Children with hearing loss frequently appear to be normal, and often their handicaps are not apparent. Hearing loss that is undetected and untreated can result in speech, language, and cognitive delays.

The mosquito borne West Nile virus infection: is it threating to Egypt or a neglected endemic disease?

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. The virus is found in temperate and tropical regions worldwide, but first identified in the West Nile sub-region in the East African nation of Uganda in 1937. Prior to the mid-1990s WNV infection was sporadically and considered a minor risk for humans, until an outbreak in Algeria in 1994, with cases of WNV-caused encephalitis, and the first large outbreak in Romania in 1996; with a high number of cases with neuroinvasive disease.

Effect of family caregiver's involvement in educational program on health status of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an emerging problem worldwide, which diagnosis profound impact on patient and the caregiver well-being. This study assessed health status of patients with chronic HCV, and evaluated the effect of close family member (caregiver) involvement in the educational program on patients' health status. A purposeful sample of seventy two chronic HCV patients (40 males and 32 females) from out-patient clinic of the National Liver Institute free from other medical disorders with ages ranged from 27-62 years, were divided into two equal groups, GI: attended the teaching sessions alone and GII attended accompanying the family caregiver.

Human pediculosis: a critical health problem and what about nursing policy?

Lice infestation on the human body (also known as pediculosis) is very common. Cases number in the hundreds of millions worldwide. Three distinct presentations of lice infection exist and each is caused by a unique parasite.

The tick-borne Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Africa, Asia, Europe, and America: what about Egypt?

Globally, the recognized number of distinct and epidemiologically important diseases transmitted by ticks has increased considerably during the last 4 decades. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by an arbovirus, which was first recognized during a large outbreak among agricultural workers in the mid-1940s in the Crimean Peninsula. Humans become infected through the bites of ticks, by contact with haemorrhage from nose, mouth, gums, vagina, and injection sites of a CCHF patient during the acute phase or follow-up, or by contact with blood or tissues from viremic livestock.

Is plague a problem in the Egyptians returning back from Libya?

Many employees return home with fever with or without other accompanying symptoms. Fever can be a manifestation of a minor, self-limited process or can herald a progressive, life-threatening illness. The assessment of this group is often hampered by the clinician's lack of familiarity with the types of infections that the patient may have encountered while traveling.

Aedes aegypti re-emerging in Egypt: a review and what should be done?

Mosquitoes are main vectors of varieties of pathogenic agents affecting man and animals. There-emergencein Aswan and approach of Aedesa egypti, the vector of the Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Yellow fever and Chikungunya fever, which are encountered in Africa, needs to alert for this public health threat. The presence of Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in Saudi Arabia is another issue.

The impact of three anopheline mosquito species in Toshka, on the introduction of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum to Egypt.

Malaria still tops the prevalent human arthropod-borne diseases. In Egypt, sporadic cases of human malaria were reported with a focus in Al-Fayoum. Besides, many Egyptian Anopheles species were reported allover which are either malaria vectors or incriminated ones.

Echoguided pair technique in diagnosis and treat-ment of abdominal hydatid cystic disease in Egyptian patients: clnical and ultrasonographic follow up.

The introduction of the percutaneous puncture, aspiration, injection of scolecidal agent and reaspiration (PAIR) technique is gaining an increasing acceptance in diagnosis and treatment of abdominal cystic hydatid disease (CHD). Thirty-three patients (12 male & 21 female with age between 15 and 70 years) had 46 cysts in liver, spleen and kidneys (75.7%, 18.

Threat of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever to Egypt from travelers.

Dengue (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fevers (DHF) are present in urban and suburban areas in the Americas, South-East Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific, but dengue fever is present mainly in the rural areas of Africa. Several factors have combined to produce epidemiological conditions in developing countries in the tropics and subtropics that favour viral transmission by the main mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti as the rapid population growth, rural-urban migration, inadequate basic urban infrastructure (eg. the unreliable water supply leading householders to store water in containers close to homes) and the increase in volume of solid waste, such as discarded plastic containers and other abandoned items which provide larval habitats in urban areas.

Babesiosis in an Egyptian boy aquired from pet dog, and a general review.

Human babesiosis has been documented in many countries. It is a zoonotic protozoan disease of medical, veterinary and economic importance. In this study, a twelve years old boy was referred to the hospital with intermittent fever of unknown origin.