[Treatment of patients with burns in surgical clinics of Leningrad hospitals in 1920-1930s].

Objective: To reconstruct the events of early period of Soviet school of combustiology (1920-1930s) via analysis and systematization of clinical and experimental studies devoted to burns and performed in the Leningrad medical institutes in 1920-1930s.

Material And Methods: We analyzed various reports by employees of the Leningrad medical institutes devoted to practice and theory of burn treatment within the above-mentioned historical period.

Results: Analysis of Soviet and foreign reports for 1920-1930s made it possible to systematize data on the treatment of burns in the Leningrad medical institutes for the period from the mid-1920s to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

[Peculiarities of ferrorkinetis in adolescent girls with iron-deficiency anemia].

On the basis of follow up of 462 adolescent girls of 14-19 years old, in 110 of them iron-deficiency anemia was revealed. With the help of general blood analysis and biochemistry studies there was detected a disturbance of iron metabolism, declaring itself in decreasing iron serum indices, serum ferritin saturation factor and increase of general iron combined ability levels, latent combined ability and levels of serum erythropoietin.

[Changes in the type and frequency of chromosome associations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after treatment with colcemid].

Changes in the character and frequency of chromosome associations in metaphase cells of human lymphocyte cultures during colcemid treatment were studied. As the time of colcemid treatment was extended from 0 to 24 h, the number of both cells with chromosome associations and of chromosomes involved in this process was seen to increase. After a 1 h incubation of cells with colcemid the number of nucleolar-organizing chromosome associations increased considerably.

Karyotypic evolution of cells in culture: a new concept.

The Chapter summarizes peculiarities of karyotypic variability during establishment and long-term cultivation of permanent cell lines. A new concept on pathways of karyotypic evolution of cells in culture is put forward. A detailed description is presented of the author's original approach of cytogenetic analysis of cell lines provided for a principally new characteristic of the cell line: its generalized reconstructed karyotype (GRK).

[The patterns of the karyotypic evolution of cells in culture].

Numerous personal and literary data on the karyotypic variation of cell lines during their establishing and long-term culturing have been reviewed. A new notion about karyotypic evolutionary pathways of cells in culture is presented. A detailed original approach to cytogenetic study of permanent cell lines is given, which allows, via karyotype reconstruction, to obtain finally a new karyotypic characteristics-the generalized reconstructed karyotype (GRK).

Silver nucleolar organizer region assessment in tumor-cells from breast-cancer patients treated by extremely-low-frequency magnetic-field.

This study assessed the value of silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in tumor cells as a potential technique for the estimation of the action of ELF magnetic field on breast cancer. The light and electron microscopy was used for analysis of tissue specimens from 4 breast cancer patients after ELF magnetotherapy and 18 untreated persons with malignant and benign breast lesions. All patients had surgical removal of neoplasms.

[Cholera in Makhachkala during the 1994 epidemic].

During the period of epidemic in the Daghestan 51 patients and 27 Vibrio carriers were detected in Makhachkala. A considerable proportion (30.7%) of cholera cases caused by infection imported from regions, unfavorable with respect to cholera, in the presence of pronounced migration of the population was registered.

[The cytogenetic characteristics of B-lymphoid lines from Papio hamadryas baboons and Macaca arctoides brown macaques].

A cytogenetic analysis of 9 permanent suspension cell lines was performed. Cell lines were obtained from Papio hamadryas and Macaca arctoides cells by different methods. Five cell lines originated from non-malignant parental cells.

[The interrelation between the morphological characteristics of the nucleolar apparatus in cultured human embryonic fibroblasts and the proliferative activity of the cells].

A relationship between the number of AgNOR, nucleolar area, the number of nucleoli per nuclei, the number of nucleoli touching nucleolar membrane and the proliferating activity of human embryonal fibroblast culture was investigated. Cell proliferation was arrested by serum deprivation. In 10 days, initiation of proliferation was performed by cessation of serum deprivation.

[Localization of the CD4 receptor gene in the chromosomes of clone cells of the monocytoid line U-937 characterized by different sensitivities to HIV].

Karyotypes of two clones of U-937 line, with high and low sensitivity to HIV-1, were studied. The CD4-receptor gene-cellular receptor of HIV-1 was mapped. CD4-receptor gene was located according to in situ hybridization method, in locus 12 p11-p12, both in cells of high-sensitive clone U-937/16, and in cells of low-sensitive clone U-937/4.

Increased frequency of acrocentric chromosome association during colcemid treatment.

The effect of Colcemid on satellite association frequencies was investigated in human cell lines U-937 GTB, SC-N-MC, HL-60, and Raji by silver staining method. Cell cultures were exposed to Colcemid at a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml for 15-60 minutes.

[The variability of the pattern of human G-band chromosomes in the late prophase-early metaphase].

Original modification of the harvest procedure, hypotonic treatment and slide-making techniques were used to obtain prometaphase spreads of good quality fitted to G-banding or to FISH. Human blood cultures were synchronized with a methotrexate block during synthesis, and following this with a thymidine release. Cells were then proceeded into prometaphase and early metaphase and were quickly harvested without exposure to colcemid.

[The dependence of the quantity of silver granules detectable in interphase nuclei after the silver nitrate staining of the chromosomal nucleolus-organizer regions on the conditions for the hypotonic treatment of the cells and the effect on this index of cell treatment by a pharmacological agent causing dissociation of the nucleolar components].

We investigated effects of hypotonic treatment of cultured HL-60 cells and human fibroblasts, and of DRB on the quantity of AgNORs revealed following AgNO3 staining. The average number of grains increases after KCl hypotonic treatment. The lower the concentration of KCl in the solution, the higher the number of silver grains revealed in the nucleoli due to their dissociation into substructures.

[The use of DNA hybridization in situ for identifying chromosomal rearrangements in the karyotyping of cell lines].

A complex karyological analysis of three human cell lines (PLC-PRF-5, MT-4 and U937) was carried out that involved traditional methods of G-, C-banding and silver staining, in addition to the in situ hybridization technique using 4 alpha-satellite DNA probes: DNA specific for centromeric regions of chromosome 11, 6, 13, and 21, and 14 and 22. The application of this additional method allowed to identify, prove or detalize the structure of 13 markers in PLC-PRF-5 cells, 1 marker in MT-4 cells, and 3 markers in U937 cells. The results show that the in situ hybridization method would be successful in cell line karyotyping for a more objective identification of some markers difficult for analysis.

[The structure and function of the chromosomal nucleolus organizer regions: the molecular, cytological and clinical aspects].

Numerous data concerning nucleolar organizer region (NOR) structure and function in normal and pathological human cells are analysed. The contents of argentophilic nucleolar proteins vary in the cells tested. The silver-stained test is closely connected with cellular proliferative potentials and differentiation status of the cells.

Karyological approach to the identification of true cell lines susceptible to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

A karyological analysis of twenty-two variants of eight cell lines, which differed in their susceptibility to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and which had been obtained from different sources, was carried out by means of differential chromosome staining for G and C bands. The karyotypes of eight T-lymphoblastoid cell lines were identified, including five (MT-4, Molt-3, CEM, H-9, and Hut-78) not previously studied by cytogenetic methods. Karyotyping confirmed the identity of seventeen variants of the eight cell lines, and five variants of four lines were found to be misidentified.

AgNOR staining in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate.

We have modified existing techniques for silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions of intact interphase cells by hypotonic swelling and by formic acid treatment to reduce background staining. This allowed the microscopic identification and counting of individual AgNORs in the nucleoli. The method was used on nine adenomatous prostatic samples (including one of normal prostate tissue outside a localized tumor) and on seven prostatic adenocarcinomas.

Human neuroblastoma cells in culture: a model for neuronal cell differentiation and function.

The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, differentiates into neuron-like cells according to morphological, biochemical and functional criteria when treated with biologically active phorbol-esters. The differentiated phenotype is described and alterations in proto-oncogene expression in connection with growth control and differentiation are presented and discussed.

[Differences in the localization of Alu-repeats in various chromosomes of peripheral blood cells from normal donors and bone marrow cells from patients with acute leukemia].

The dispersion of the Alu-family DNA repeats in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal donors as well as in nonstimulated bone marrow cells of four patients suffering from acute leukemia was studied by hybridization on metaphase chromosomes in situ. DNA of bacteriophage lambda CAR42 clone containing the insertion of at least 8 copies of Alu-family DNA-repeats and labelled with tritium was used as a probe in hybridization. All patients with acute leukemia had the same pattern of changes in hybridization of the bone marrow cells.

Combined trisomy 1q and monosomy 17p due to translocation t(1;17) in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

A nonconstitutional translocation, t(1;17)(q21;p11), has been observed in bone marrow cells from a young patient with myelodysplastic syndrome during a 4-year period. Cytogenetic findings and some clinical aspects are briefly discussed.