Driving gut microbiota enterotypes through host genetics.

Background: Population stratification based on interindividual variability in gut microbiota composition has revealed the existence of several ecotypes named enterotypes in humans and various animal species. Enterotypes are often associated with environmental factors including diet, but knowledge of the role of host genetics remains scarce. Moreover, enterotypes harbor functionalities likely associated with varying abilities and susceptibilities of their host.

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In Senegal, violent delinquency and illicit drug use are on the increase. This study focuses on two distinct groups: drug users (DUs) undergoing rehabilitation and violent ex-offenders (VEs). The methodology adopted includes a quantitative survey of the general population (n=1009), followed by a qualitative survey of fifteen participants, including eight DUs undergoing treatment at the Centre de prise en charge intégrée des addictions de Dakar (CEPIAD) (Integrated Addictions Management Center of Dakar) and the Centre Jacques Chirac de Thiaroye, and seven former VEs from the Grand Yoff district.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contents of Four Species of Smoked Fish from Different Sites in Senegal.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds resulting from any incomplete combustion process. These are pollutants that have proven toxicity due to their carcinogenic nature and can contaminate food during traditional smoking methods. Their highly toxic effect on human health requires monitoring of their levels in food products and the development of appropriate analytical methods for their determination.

Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Hub Genes and Key Pathways Associated with Resistance to Enteritidis Colonization in Chicken.

negatively impacts the poultry industry and threatens animals' and humans' health. The gastrointestinal microbiota and its metabolites can modulate the host's physiology and immune system. Recent research demonstrated the role of commensal bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in developing resistance to infection and colonization.

A heterophil/lymphocyte-selected population reveals the phosphatase PTPRJ is associated with immune defense in chickens.

Quantification of leukocyte profiles is among the simplest measures of animal immune function. However, the relationship between H/L ratio and innate immunity and the measure's utility as an index for heterophil function remains to be analyzed. Variants associated with H/L ratio were fine-mapped based on the resequencing of 249 chickens of different generations and an F2 segregating population generated by crossing selection and control lines.

Comparative Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome of Beijing You Chickens and Guang Ming Broilers under Serovar Typhimurium Infection.

serovar Typhimurium (ST) is a food-borne pathogen that can infect animals and humans. It is currently the most common bacterial pathogen that negatively affects the poultry industry. Although different chicken breeds have been observed to exhibit diverse resistance to ST infection, the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear and the genes involved in this differential disease resistance need to be identified.

[Substitution treatments for opiate-dependent users. An experience of the Integrated Addiction Treatment Center in Dakar].

Methadone and buprenorphine are the two maintenance treatments in opiate addicts authorised in France since the end of the 1990's. More recently, some African countries such as Senegal have implemented a new health policy focused on reducing the risks by encouraging the use of methadone as maintenance treatment. The objectives of maintenance therapy are to reduce morbidity and mortality related to the consumption of heroin and other street opioids, to promote the integration of drug users into the healthcare system, and more generally, to improve their social integration.

[Assessing psychological, anxiety, depression and stress levels of Senegalese general population during COVID-19 pandemic].

Objectives: - Assessing of Impact of Event, depression, anxiety and stress levels in the Senegalese general population during the COVID19 pandemic and identifying associated factors.

Methods: - Socio-demographic data, psychological impact of the pandemic, and mental health status of participants were collected using an online questionnaire administered to the general population of Senegal between April 1 and April 30 2021. Psychological impact and mental health status were assessed, respectively, by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS21).

They call us : a qualitative exploration of the experiences of Senegalese Muslim men who have sex with men living with HIV.

Men who have sex with men living with HIV in majority Muslim communities face discrimination based on multiple forms of stigma at socio-cultural and legislative levels. This study aimed to explore qualitatively the experiences of men who have sex with men living with HIV in Dakar, Senegal. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 30 Senegalese men aged 18 to 55 years, who self-reported as same-sex practising, Muslim, and receiving HIV treatment at health centres in Dakar.

Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio Level Modulates Resistance, Cecal Microbiota Composition and Functional Capacity in Infected Chicken.

The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a vital role in ensuring the maintenance of host health through interactions with the immune system. The Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio reflects poultry's robustness and immune system status. Chickens with low H/L ratio are superior to the chickens with high H/L ratio in survival, immune response, and resistance to infection, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Liver Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Beijing You Chickens and Guang Ming Broilers.

Heat stress is one of the most prevalent issues in poultry production that reduces performance, robustness, and economic gains. Previous studies have demonstrated that native chickens are more tolerant of heat than commercial breeds. However, the underlying mechanisms of the heat tolerance observed in native chicken breeds remain unelucidated.

Investigation of the Potential of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Biomarker to Predict Colonization Resistance and Inflammatory Response to Infection in Chicken.

causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry and represents a real threat to human health. The region of difference 21 (ROD21) pathogenicity island removal is a genetic mechanism by which (SE) invades the intestinal epithelium and induces systemic infection in mice. The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio reflects the chicken's robustness and immune system status.

Association of Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response to Infection in Chicken.

The heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio has been extensively studied to select poultry that are resistant to environmental stressors. Chickens with a low H/L ratio are superior to the chickens with a high H/L ratio in survival, immune response, and resistance to Salmonella infection. However, this disease resistance ability is likely to be associated with enhanced intestinal immunity.

[Features of the incarcerated population followed on an outpatient basis in the Department of Psychiatry of the National University Hospital of Fann in Senegal].

Introduction: psychiatric disorders affect the highest number of incarcerated individuals. Indeed, detention conditions in Senegal have been criticized for several years by referring, in particular, to overcrowding. These conditions probably play a determining role in the occurrence of mental disorders in this population.

[Rituals of birth in Senegal].

In a Senegalese society undergoing profound change, holding on to certain beliefs and social and cultural practices can sometimes prove difficult. Prevention and care systems must take into account social and cultural representations in order to support these families as best as possible.

[Estimate of the prevalence of cognitive impairment in an elderly population of the health center of Senegalese national retirement institution].

Objective: To assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a Senegalese elderly population, of the Sociohealth and university center of Senegalese national retirement institution, Dakar, Senegal.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in 872 Senegalese elderly population aged 55 years and over utilizing the Sociohealth and university center of IPRES, Dakar, Senegal for health care. Sociodemographic, lifestyles, physical activity, medical history, familial history of dementia data were collected with a structured questionnaire completed with a clinical exam and neuropsychological testing.

[Failure of a mourning ritual and reactive depression].

In some African societies, mourning rituals are a way of isolating death from the territory of the living and to allow the bereaved to regain, after a certain time, their place in society. However, for a young educated woman confronted with the brutal death of her sister, the traditional ritual to which her family subjected her resulted in a prolonged reactive depression combined with cognitive disorders..

[Mamadou or anxiety resulting from a departure for the European Eldorado].

Candidates for emigration are susceptible to a psychotic breakdown accompanied by feelings of guilt arising from abandoning their community of origin. The elimination of this guilt involves, essentially, a denial of identity with a touch of megalomania which makes treatment difficult.