Improving grapevine virus diagnostics: Comparative analysis of three dsRNA enrichment methods for high-throughput sequencing.

The extraction of double stranded (ds) RNA is a common enrichment method for the study, characterization, and detection of RNA viruses. In addition to RNA viruses, viroids, and some DNA viruses, can also be detected from dsRNA enriched extracts which makes it an attractive method for detecting a wide range of viruses when coupled with HTS. Several dsRNA enrichment strategies have been developed.

Evidence of Grapevine enamovirus 1 Infecting Grapevine ( L.) in Canada.

Grapevine enamovirus 1 (GEV1) belongs to the genus Enamovirus, in the family Solemoviridae. It has been reported from several countries infecting grapevines including Brazil (Silva et al. 2017), China (Ren et al.

Strength development and self-desiccation of saline cemented paste backfill.

Given that many mines around the world are located in areas where fresh water is scarce, and companies are being held to increasingly stringent sustainability and environmental responsibility standards, many mines are looking to use locally available saline groundwater or seawater as mixing water in cemented paste backfill (CPB). However, the impacts of this decision on key engineering properties of CPB (e.g.

A Decade of Hidden Phytoplasmas Unveiled Through Citizen Science.

Climate change is impacting agriculture in many ways, and a contribution from all is required to reduce the imminent losses related to it. Recently, it has been shown that citizen science could be a way to trace the impact of climate change. However, how can citizen science be applied in plant pathology? Here, using as an example a decade of phytoplasma-related diseases reported by growers, agronomists, and citizens in general, and confirmed by a government laboratory, we explored how to better value plant pathogen monitoring data.

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Studies of Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus Isolates from Canada.

This study investigated the phylogenetic relationship of grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) isolates from Canada with GPGV isolates reported worldwide. Full-length genomes of 25 GPGV isolates representing the main four grape-growing regions in Canada (British Columbia, Ontario, Nova Scotia and Quebec) were sequenced and compared to genomes of 43 GPGV isolates representing eight countries and three continents. Phylogenetic analysis based on full genome sequences revealed an unambiguous separation of North American GPGV isolates with isolates from Europe and Asia.

First report of Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus infecting greenhouse bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Canada.

Alstroemeria necrotic streak virus (ANSV) is an Orthotospovirus that has been isolated from symptomatic Alstroemeria plant in 2010 (Hassani-Mehraban et al. 2010). It has been shown to infect crops of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (Olaya et al.

Household level of air pollution and its impact on the occurrence of Acute Respiratory Illness among children under five: secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey in West Africa.

Background: One out of ten deaths of children under five are attributable to indoor air pollution. And Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI) is among the direct causes.

Objective: This study showed the possibilities of characterizing indoor air pollution in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) area and it also made it possible to estimate its impact on the occurrence of ARI in children under five.

Assessment of the global toxicity of marine sediments from the Dakar peninsula (Senegal, West Africa).

Marine pollution in West Africa is major threat particularly around coastal megacities. We assess the chemical and ecotoxicological quality of the marine sediments in various submerged sampling sites of Dakar. Analysis revealed that sediments were slightly basic in which fine and coarse sands predominated.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene access in Senegal and its impact on the occurrence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old.

Diarrheal diseases are the second leading cause of child mortality worldwide, occurring in about one in every nine child deaths, and were associated with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access. In this study, we provided an overview of WASH indicators' evolution from 2000 to 2017 and their impact on the occurrence of diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Senegal. It was a retrospective cross-sectional study, in which we did a secondary analysis of data from the Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for water supply and sanitation and from the Senegal Demographic and Health Survey 2018.

Competition Between Clade and Clade : A Race to Lead Grape Downy Mildew Epidemics.

There is evidence of five clades of in the world. Only two clades, and , have been identified as responsible for downy mildew epidemics in Quebec, Canada. It was reported in 2021 that epidemics caused by clade start 2 or 3 weeks before those caused by clade and that clade was more aggressive than clade .

Speciation of metals by sequential extractions of agricultural soils located near a dumpsite for prediction of element availability to vegetables.

In this paper heavy metal pollution has been investigated by comparing total concentrations and speciation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Sr) in soils from four agricultural fields (S1, S2, S3, S4) located in the direct vicinity of the largest landfill in Senegal. The sequential test allowed discriminating between various fractions of heavy metals, namely the acid-extractable fraction, the fraction bound to Fe oxides, the fraction bound to organic matter and the residual fraction. It was proven that the most important fractions of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Sr and Zn) are bound to the residual fraction, more than 50% for most sites, and thus they may be relatively hardly liberated into the environment.

Investigating the metal contamination status from recycling e-waste sites from Dakar, Senegal.

In Senegal, processes employed for recycling e-wastes result in release of so-called heavy metals in the environment. In this study, the metal distribution and concentrations of soils collected from four e-waste recycling areas located in the Dakar area are presented. Measurements are performed using portable X-ray fluorescence and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to obtain a complete analysis of the soil, including major and trace elements (i.

Grapevine Virology in the Third-Generation Sequencing Era: From Virus Detection to Viral Epitranscriptomics.

Among all economically important plant species in the world, grapevine ( L.) is the most cultivated fruit plant. It has a significant impact on the economies of many countries through wine and fresh and dried fruit production.

Dynamic response of thickened tailings in shaking table testing.

In this study, an instrumented thickened tailings deposit model was designed, built and employed to evaluate the behaviour of layered thickened tailings to dynamic loading by using a shaking table equipment. The thickened tailings were deposited subsequently in three thin layers in a flexible laminar shear box mounted on top of the shaking table. Cyclic loading with a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.

Renal impairment assessment on adults living nearby a landfill: Early kidney dysfunction biomarkers linked to the environmental exposure to heavy metals.

The aim of this study was to assess the integrity and kidney overall functional capacity of subjects exposed to landfill emissions. Urine and blood levels of Pb and Cd, and several of the newly biomarkers of nephrotoxicity (Kim Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1), alpha-1 Microglobulin (α1 M), beta-2 Microglobulin (β2 M), Cystatin-C (Cyst C), Clusterin, alpha-glutathione S-transferase (GSTα), pi-glutathione S-transferase (GSTπ), Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), Calbindin, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Osteopontin (OPN), (Retinol Binding Protein(RBP), Liver-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (FABP-1), Trefoil Factor 3 (TFF3), Collagen VI) were measured in order to assess glomerular and tubule damage in adults living near a landfill. Our results indicate glomerular dysfunction in exposed subjects, and supported evidence of necrosis of proximal and distal tubule epithelial cells as specific biomarkers began to appear in the urine.

A Diverse Virome of Leafroll-Infected Grapevine Unveiled by dsRNA Sequencing.

Quebec is the third-largest wine grape producing province in Canada, and the industry is constantly expanding. Traditionally, 90% of the grapevine cultivars grown in Quebec were winter hardy and largely dominated by interspecific hybrid sp. cultivars.

Curing temperature dependency of the release of arsenic from cemented paste backfill made with Portland cement.

In this research, the effect of curing temperature on the metalloid (As) leachability of cemented paste backfill (CPB; a mix of tailings, cement and water) is studied. ASTM C 1308 leaching protocol is used to determine the leachability of CPB samples subjected to different curing temperatures (2, 20 and 35 °C). In addition, the effect of curing temperature on the microstructure of CPB is assessed to determine if the temperature dependence of the leaching characteristics of CPB is related to variations in the microstructure of the cement matrix.

Meta-Analytic and Economic Approaches for Evaluation of Pesticide Impact on Sclerotinia Stem Rot Control and Soybean Yield in the North Central United States.

As complete host resistance in soybean has not been achieved, Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by continues to be of major economic concern for farmers. Thus, chemical control remains a prevalent disease management strategy. Pesticide evaluations were conducted in Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Wisconsin from 2009 to 2016, for a total of 25 site-years ( = 2,057 plot-level data points).

Weather-Based Models for Assessing the Risk of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Presence in Soybean (Glycine max) Fields.

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) epidemics in soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, are currently responsible for annual yield reductions in the United States of up to 1 million metric tons. In-season disease management is largely dependent on chemical control but its efficiency and cost-effectiveness depends on both the chemistry used and the risk of apothecia formation, germination, and further dispersal of ascospores during susceptible soybean growth stages. Hence, accurate prediction of the S.

Physico-chemical characterization and in vitro inflammatory and oxidative potency of atmospheric particles collected in Dakar city's (Senegal).

Exposure to atmospheric pollutants has been recognized as a major risk factor of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Fine particles (PM) and a coarser fraction (PM) sampled at an urban site in Dakar (HLM), characterized by high road traffic emissions, were compared with particles sampled at a rural area, Toubab Dialaw located about 40 km from Dakar. The physicochemical characteristics of samples revealed that PMs differ for their physical (surface area) and chemical properties (in terms of CHN, metals, ions, paraffins, VOCs and PAHs) that were 65-75% higher in urban samples.