Analysis of ChatGPT Responses to Ophthalmic Cases: Can ChatGPT Think like an Ophthalmologist?

Objective: Large language models such as ChatGPT have demonstrated significant potential in question-answering within ophthalmology, but there is a paucity of literature evaluating its ability to generate clinical assessments and discussions. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the accuracy of assessment and plans generated by ChatGPT and (2) evaluate ophthalmologists' abilities to distinguish between responses generated by clinicians versus ChatGPT.

Design: Cross-sectional mixed-methods study.

Repeatability of binarization thresholding methods for optical coherence tomography angiography image quantification.

Binarization is a critical step in analysis of retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images, but the repeatability of metrics produced from various binarization methods has not been fully assessed. This study set out to examine the repeatability of OCTA quantification metrics produced using different binarization thresholding methods, all of which have been applied in previous studies, across multiple devices and plexuses. Successive 3 × 3 mm foveal OCTA images of 13 healthy eyes were obtained on three different devices.

Analyzing Relative Flow Speeds in Diabetic Retinopathy Using Variable Interscan Time Analysis OCT Angiography.

Purpose: Further insight into the flow characteristics of the vascular features associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) may improve assessment and treatment of disease progression. The variable interscan time analysis (VISTA) algorithm is an extension of OCT angiography (OCTA) that detects relative blood flow speeds, which then can be depicted on a color-coded map. This study used VISTA to analyze relative blood flow speeds in the microvascular changes associated with DR.

Morphological changes in intraretinal microvascular abnormalities after anti-VEGF therapy visualized on optical coherence tomography angiography.

Background: To examine the baseline morphological characteristics and alterations in intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs) in response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment, documented by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diabetic eyes.

Methods: In this retrospective study, IRMAs were evaluated with multimodal imaging (fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, OCTA) in treatment-naïve diabetic eyes before and after anti-VEGF treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) and/or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and compared to diabetic control eyes with similar diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity that did not receive anti-VEGF therapy. The morphological characteristics of IRMAs on enface OCTA imaging were graded by masked readers at baseline, then after anti-VEGF therapy in treated eyes or after observation in control eyes.

Repeatability and reproducibility of vessel density measurements on optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Understanding the precision of measurements on and across optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices is critical for tracking meaningful change in disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of vessel area density and vessel skeleton density measurements from various commercial OCTA devices in diabetic eyes.

Methods: Patients were imaged three consecutive times each on three different OCTA devices.

Retinal Nonperfusion Relationship to Arteries or Veins Observed on Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate whether retinal capillary nonperfusion is found predominantly adjacent to arteries or veins in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Sixty-three eyes from 44 patients with proliferative DR (PDR) or non-PDR (NPDR) were included. Images (12 × 12-mm) foveal-centered optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA) images were taken using the Zeiss Plex Elite 9000.

DISTINGUISHING INTRARETINAL MICROVASCULAR ABNORMALITIES FROM RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, fast, noninvasive identification of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) becomes essential. This study evaluated the utility of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterize intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) and retinal neovascularization (NV).

Methods: Patients with severe non-PDR or PDR were imaged with fluorescein angiography and widefield swept-source OCTA (Zeiss Plex Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA).

Volumetric Analysis of Vascularized Serous Pigment Epithelial Detachment Progression in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To analyze the evolution of type 1 neovascularization associated with vascularized serous pigment epithelial detachment (vsPED) using three-dimensional, volumetric, en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: This was a retrospective case series from four tertiary medical centers. OCTA images were analyzed at baseline and at the 3-, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month follow-up visit when available.

Accuracy and Reliability in Differentiating Retinal Arteries and Veins Using Widefield En Face OCT Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability in differentiating retinal arteries from veins using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Ten healthy eyes and 12 eyes from diabetic patients were included. Foveal-centered swept-source OCTA images (12 × 12 mm) were obtained using the PLEX Elite 9000.

Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of macular vessel density before and after anti-VEGF therapy in eyes with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in macular vessel density following intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: In this retrospective case series, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images from 55 eyes of 35 patients with either DME (46 eyes) or PDR (9 eyes) were included. Macular capillary vessel density at the level of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) and total retinal capillary plexus (TCP) before and after anti-VEGF treatment was calculated.

Early hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: optical coherence tomography abnormalities preceding Humphrey visual field defects.

Background/aims: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy may result in severe and irreversible vision loss, emphasising the importance of screening and early detection. The purpose of this study is to report the novel finding of early optical coherence tomography (OCT) abnormalities due to HCQ toxicity that may develop in the setting of normal Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing.

Methods: Data from patients with chronic HCQ exposure was obtained from seven tertiary care retina centres.

QUANTIFICATION OF RETINAL CAPILLARY NONPERFUSION IN DIABETICS USING WIDE-FIELD OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To combine advances in high-speed, wide-field optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with image processing methods for semiautomatic quantitative analysis of capillary nonperfusion in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Sixty-eight diabetic patients (73 eyes), either without retinopathy or with different degrees of retinopathy, were prospectively recruited for volumetric swept-source OCTA imaging using 12 mm × 12 mm fields centered at the fovea. A custom, semiautomatic software algorithm was used to quantify areas of capillary nonperfusion.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) flow speed mapping technology for retinal diseases.

Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality for depth-resolved visualization of retinal vasculature. Angiographic data couples with structural data to generate a cube scan, from which en-face images of vasculature can be obtained at various axial positions. OCTA has expanded understanding of retinal vascular disorders and has primarily been used for qualitative analysis.

Parafoveal Retinal Vessel Density Assessment by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Eyes.

Background And Objective: To assess variability in vessel density (VD) measurements across three optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices to identify a methodology that offers the least amount of variation in VD, and to assess the effect of averaging of multiple scans on VD variability.

Patients And Methods: Fifteen eyes of eight healthy individuals were imaged consecutively on three OCTA devices. Segmentations at the superficial, deep, and full retinal layers were generated.

Choriocapillaris changes in dry age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy: a review.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of central vision loss worldwide. The progression of dry AMD from early to intermediate stages is primarily characterized by increasing drusen formation and adverse impact on outer retinal cells. Late stage AMD consists of either geographic atrophy (GA), the non-exudative (dry) AMD subtype, or choroidal neovascularization, the exudative (wet) AMD subtype.

Vinorelbine-induced regression of a choroidal metastasis from primary breast carcinoma.

Background: Various therapeutic options exist to treat choroidal metastatic lesions. However, they are all associated with potential long-term adverse effects. This case report discusses a case of choroidal metastasis from primary breast carcinoma that regressed after single-agent chemotherapy.

Use of OCTA, FA, and Ultra-Widefield Imaging in Quantifying Retinal Ischemia: A Review.

As ischemia remains a key prognostic factor in the management of various diseases including diabetic retinopathy, an increasing amount of research has been dedicated to its quantification as a potential biomarker. Advancements in the quantification of retinal ischemia have been made with the imaging modalities of fluorescein angiography (FA), ultra-widefield imaging (UWF), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with each imaging modality offering certain benefits over the others. FA remains the gold standard in assessing the extent of ischemia.

Optical coherence tomography angiography artifacts in retinal pigment epithelial detachment.

Objective: To describe optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) reflectance artifacts secondary to retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED).

Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Four eyes from 4 subjects were included.

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY AFTER PHOTOCOAGULATION OF TYPE 2 NEOVASCULARIZATION.

Purpose: To illustrate errors in the automated segmentation image analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography after laser photocoagulation therapy for Type 2 neovascularization.

Methods: This case report describes a patient with extrafoveal Type 2 neovascularization treated with argon laser photocoagulation evaluated before and after treatment by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results: Disrupted retinal layers after laser photocoagulation therapy lead to segmentation errors.