An Unusual and Severe Thyrotoxicosis in a Twin Pregnancy: Fortune Favors the Brave.

Graves' disease (GD) and gestational transient thyrotoxicosis (GTT) are the most common causes of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy, with prevalence ranging from 0.1% to 1% and from 1% to 3%, respectively. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can have severe consequences if not promptly recognized and treated.

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 4: experience from a single reference center.

Purpose: To characterize patients with APS type 4 among those affected by APS diagnosed and monitored at our local Reference Center for Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes.

Methods: Monocentric observational retrospective study enrolling patients affected by APS diagnosed and monitored in a Reference Center. Clinical records were retrieved and analyzed.

Evaluation of a large set of patients with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome from a single reference centre in context of different classifications.

Purpose: To characterize patients with APS and to propose a new approach for their follow-up. Query ID="Q1" Text="Please check the given names and familynames."

Methods: Monocentric observational retrospective study enrolling patients referred to the Outpatients clinic of the Units of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology of our Hospital for Autoimmune diseases.

Interference or Noninterference Between Soy and Levothyroxine: That Is the Question. A Narrative Review of Literature.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of soy intake on levothyroxine (L-T4) absorption among different L-T4 formulations.

Methods: A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Case reports, case series, and original studies written in English and published online up to November 30, 2022, were selected and reviewed.

SIMULTANEOUS INTAKE OF LIQUID L-T4 FORMULATION AND IRON SALT: FACT OR FICTION?

Context: Hypothyroidism and iron deficiency are among the most common pathologies in population. Therefore, there are a lot of patients assuming both iron salt supplements and levothyroxine therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of iron salt intake on L-T4 absorption among different L-T4 formulations.

Combining skin and olfactory α-synuclein seed amplification assays (SAA)-towards biomarker-driven phenotyping in synucleinopathies.

Seed amplification assays (SAA) are becoming commonly used in synucleinopathies to detect α-synuclein aggregates. Studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) and isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have shown a considerably lower sensitivity in the olfactory epithelium than in CSF or skin. To get an insight into α-synuclein (α-syn) distribution within the nervous system and reasons for low sensitivity, we compared SAA assessment of nasal brushings and skin biopsies in PD (n = 27) and iRBD patients (n = 18) and unaffected controls (n = 30).

Liquid levothyroxine formulations in patients taking drugs interfering with L-T4 absorption.

Purpose: To describe the current knowledge on thyroid hormonal profile in patients on liquid L-T4 therapy and drugs known to interfere with L-T4 absorption.

Methods: A PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus research was performed. Case reports, case series, original studies and reviews written in English and published online up to 31 August 2022 were selected and reviewed.

Case Report: Hypothalamic Amenorrhea Following COVID-19 Infection and Review of Literatures.

SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can impair any organ system including endocrine glands. However, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions following SARS-CoV-2 infection remain largely unexplored. We described a case of hypothalamic amenorrhea following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 36-year-old healthy woman.

Panchromatic Fluorescence Emission from Thienosquaraines Dyes: White Light Electrofluorochromic Devices.

Electrofluorochromic devices (EFCDs) that allow the modulation of the light emitted by electroactive fluorophores are very attractive in the research field of optoelectronics. Here, the electrofluorochromic behaviour of a series of squaraine dyes was studied for the first time. In solutions, all compounds are photoluminescent with maxima located in the range 665-690 nm, characterized by quantum yields ranging from 30% to 4.

Sit-to-walk performance in Parkinson's disease: A comparison between faller and non-faller patients.

Background: Falls are one of the main concerns in people with Parkinson's disease, leading to poor quality of life and increased mortality. The sit-to-walk movement is the most frequent postural transition task during daily life and is highly demanding in terms of balance maintenance and muscular strength.

Methods: With the aim of identifying biomechanical variables of high risk of falling, we investigated the sit-to-walk task performed by 9 Parkinson's disease patients with at least one fall episode in the six months preceding this study, 15 Parkinson's disease patients without previous falls, and 20 healthy controls.

Probabilistic mapping of the antidystonic effect of pallidal neurostimulation: a multicentre imaging study.

Deep brain stimulation of the internal globus pallidus is a highly effective and established therapy for primary generalized and cervical dystonia, but therapeutic success is compromised by a non-responder rate of up to 25%, even in carefully-selected groups. Variability in electrode placement and inappropriate stimulation settings may account for a large proportion of this outcome variability. Here, we present probabilistic mapping data on a large cohort of patients collected from several European centres to resolve the optimal stimulation volume within the pallidal region.

Orthogonal electronic coupling in multicentre arylamine mixed-valence compounds based on a dibenzofulvene-thiophene conjugated bridge.

Herein we present organic mixed-valence compounds with an innovative H-shape design, where four redox centres are bridged "vertically" via a dibenzofulvene backbone and "horizontally" via a bis-(dibenzofulvene)-thiophene bridge. These compounds are easily oxidized to stable highly charged radical species which show intense intervalence charge transfer transitions in the near infrared region. Interestingly, depending on the position of the arylamine substituents on the bridge, both vertical and horizontal electron transfer pathways can be optically induced.

Recognition of viral and self-antigens by T1 and T1/T17 central memory cells in patients with multiple sclerosis reveals distinct roles in immune surveillance and relapses.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is caused by autoreactive T cells and associated with viral infections. However, the phenotype of pathogenic T cells in peripheral blood remains to be defined, and how viruses promote MS is debated.

Objective: We aimed to identify and characterize potentially pathogenic autoreactive T cells, as well as protective antiviral T cells, in patients with MS.

Electro-optical Properties of Neutral and Radical Ion Thienosquaraines.

Thienosquaraines are an interesting class of electroactive dyes that are useful for applications in organic electronics. Herein, the redox chemistry and electrochromic response of a few newly synthesized thienosquaraines are presented. These properties are compared to those of the commercial 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine.

Partial recovery after severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a multiple sclerosis patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and severe complication of natalizumab therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis and it may be accompanied by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Here, we describe a case of abnormally severe IRIS, which occurred 2 months after natalizumab-associated PML in a 38-year-old woman affected by multiple sclerosis. The patient was John Cunningham virus-positive and was treated for 21 months when she developed PML.

Copper-catalyzed synthesis of substituted furans and pyrroles by heterocyclodehydration and tandem heterocyclodehydration-hydration of 3-yne-1,2-diols and 1-amino-3-yn-2-ol derivatives.

CuCl2-catalyzed heterocyclodehydration of readily available 3-yne-1,2-diols and 1-amino-3-yn-2-ol derivatives afforded substituted furans and pyrroles, respectively, in good to high yields (53-99%) under mild conditions (MeOH as the solvent, 80-100 °C, 1-24 h). In the case of 2,2-dialkynyl-1,2-diols, bearing an additional alkynyl substituent at C-2, a cascade process, corresponding to copper-catalyzed heterocyclodehydration followed by acid-catalyzed hydration of the triple bond, was realized when the reaction was carried out in the presence of both CuCl2 and TsOH, leading to 3-acylfurans in one step and high yields (75-84%). Under the same conditions, N-Boc-2-alkynyl-1-amino-3-yn-2-ols were converted into the corresponding N-unsubstituted 3-acylpyrroles in low to fair yields (19-59%).

Synthesis of substituted thiophenes by palladium-catalyzed heterocyclodehydration of 1-mercapto-3-yn-2-ols in conventional and nonconventional solvents.

A variety of readily available 1-mercapto-3-yn-2-ols 5 were conveniently converted into the corresponding thiophenes 6 in good to high yields in MeOH as the solvent at 50-100 °C in the presence of catalytic amounts (1-2%) of PdI(2) in conjunction with KI (KI:PdI(2) molar ratio = 10). The catalyst could be made recyclable employing an ionic liquid, such as BmimBF(4), as the solvent under suitable conditions.

Synthesis of furan-3-carboxylic and 4-methylene-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic esters by direct palladium iodide catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of 3-yne-1,2-diol derivatives.

A variety of 3-yne-1,2-diol derivatives 1, bearing a primary or secondary alcoholic group at C-1, have been efficiently converted into high value added furan-3-carboxylic esters 2 in one step by PdI(2)/KI-catalyzed direct oxidative carbonylation, carried out in alcoholic media under relatively mild conditions (100 °C under 40 atm of a 4/1 mixture of CO and air). Carbonylated furans 2 were obtained in fair to excellent isolated yields (56-93%) through a sequential 5-endo-dig heterocyclization-alkoxycarbonylation-dehydration process, using only oxygen as the external oxidant. Under similar conditions, 2-methyl-3-yne-1,2-diols 3, bearing a tertiary alcoholic group, afforded 4-methylene-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylates 4 in satisfactory yields (58-70%).