Proteasomes of Autophagy-Deficient Cells Exhibit Alterations in Regulatory Proteins and a Marked Reduction in Activity.

Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system are the two major processes for the clearance and recycling of proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Evidence is accumulating that there is extensive crosstalk between the two pathways, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We previously found that autophagy 9 (ATG9) and 16 (ATG16) proteins are crucial for full proteasomal activity in the unicellular amoeba .

Functional Characterisation of the Autophagy ATG12~5/16 Complex in .

Macroautophagy, a highly conserved and complex intracellular degradative pathway, involves more than 20 core autophagy (ATG) proteins, among them the hexameric ATG12~5/16 complex, which is part of the essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in autophagy. single, double, and triple gene knock-out mutant strains displayed similar defects in the conjugation of ATG8 to phosphatidylethanolamine, development, and cell viability upon nitrogen starvation. This implies that ATG5, 12 and 16 act as a functional unit in canonical autophagy.

A convenient tool for bivariate data analysis and bar graph plotting with R.

The Java software jBar consists of a graphical user interface that allows the user to customize and assemble an included script for R. The scripted R pipeline calculates means and standard errors/deviations for replicates of numerical bivariate data and generates presentations in the form of bar graphs. A two-sided Student's t test is carried out against a user-selected reference and p-values are calculated.

ATG16 mediates the autophagic degradation of the 19S proteasomal subunits PSMD1 and PSMD2.

Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system are the two major cellular processes for protein and organelle recycling and clearance in eukaryotic cells. Evidence is accumulating that these two pathways are interrelated through adaptor proteins. Here, we found that PSMD1 and PSMD2, both components of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, directly interact with Dictyostelium discoideum autophagy 16 (ATG16), a core autophagosomal protein.

The regulatory subunit phr2AB of Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A interacts with the centrosomal protein CEP161, a CDK5RAP2 ortholog.

phr2AB is the regulatory subunit of the Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A and is the ortholog of the human B55 regulatory subunit of PP2A. phr2AB was isolated as a binding partner of the centrosomal protein CEP161, an ortholog of mammalian CDK5RAP2. CEP161 is presumably a phosphoprotein and a component of the Hippo pathway.

Expression of N471D strumpellin leads to defects in the endolysosomal system.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically diverse and clinically characterised by lower limb weakness and spasticity. The N471D and several other point mutations of human strumpellin (Str; also known as WASHC5), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex, have been shown to cause a form of HSP known as spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8). To investigate the molecular functions of wild-type (WT) and N417D Str, we generated Str cells and ectopically expressed Str-GFP or Str-GFP in Str and WT cells.

A tripeptidyl peptidase 1 is a binding partner of the Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) in .

Mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 () have been associated with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a neurodegenerative disorder. TPP1 is a lysosomal serine protease, which removes tripeptides from the N-terminus of proteins and is composed of an N-terminal prodomain and a catalytic domain. It is conserved in mammals, amphibians, fish and the amoeba harbors at least six genes encoding TPP1, to We identified TPP1F as binding partner of GPHR (Golgi pH regulator), which is an evolutionarily highly conserved intracellular transmembrane protein.

Beam quality degradation of a single-frequency Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier with low mode instability threshold power.

A current limit in power scaling of Yb-doped fiber amplifiers is the sudden onset of mode instabilities. We investigated this effect on a single-frequency Yb-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifier with a low mode instability threshold power. By measuring the overlap of the fiber output beam with the fundamental mode of an external cavity to be about 95%, we could exclude significant modal power transfer below a sharp power threshold.

Impact of amplified spontaneous emission on Brillouin scattering of a single-frequency signal.

We experimentally investigated the influence of amplified spontaneous emission within the Brillouin gain bandwidth on the Brillouin scattering of a single-frequency signal. The experiments were performed for the case of artificial ASE injected in backward direction into a passive fiber, as well as in forward direction of a low-power fiber amplifier. A significant influence could be observed, when the ASE was counter-propagating to the signal.

TEM 00 mode content of a two stage single-frequency Yb-doped PCF MOPA with 246 W of output power.

Gravitational wave detectors require linearly polarized single-frequency laser sources with a high fractional TEM 00 mode content. We investigated the modal decomposition of a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber with a mode field diameter of 29 µm, operating in a single-frequency master-oscillator power-amplifier scheme, with respect to the TEM nm modes. Low degradation of the beam quality with increasing pump power could be observed, while a maximum power in the TEM 00 mode of 203 W was achieved.