Sex-Specific Size Analysis of Carpal Bones: Implications for Orthopedic Biomedical Device Design and Therapy Planning.

Consideration of the individual carpal bone characteristics of the wrist plays a key role in well-functioning biomedical devices and successful surgical procedures. Although geometric differences and individual bone sizes have been analyzed in the literature, detailed morphologic descriptions and correlations covering the entire wrist reported in a clinical context are lacking. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive and automatic analysis of the wrist morphology using the freely available "Open Source Carpal Database" (OSCD).

Investigation of morphotypes of the knee using cluster analysis.

Background: Objects that manifest in several characteristic shapes, or morphotypes, are typically caused by some hidden variable. For example, the gender of a person influences the width of their pelvis. This is important when reconstructing natural shapes, e.

Relationship between the form and function of implant design in total knee replacement.

The implant design in total knee replacement affects postoperative functionality greatly, therefore, its optimization is of major concern. However, little is known about how implant design parameters affect active knee kinematics. Comprehensive in silico and in vitro sensitivity analyses were performed, based on one patient-specific, physical knee implant set and corresponding bone and knee implant surface geometry data.

Evaluation and validation of 2D biomechanical models of the knee for radiograph-based preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty.

Thorough preoperative planning in total knee arthroplasty is essential to reduce implant failure by proper implant sizing and alignment. The "gold standard" in conventional preoperative planning is based on anterior-posterior long-leg radiographs. However, the coronal component alignment is still an open discussion in literature, since studies have reported contradictory outcomes on survivorship, indicating that optimal individual alignment goals still need to be defined.

Impact of Simulated Knee Injuries on the Patellofemoral and Tibiofemoral Kinematics Investigated with an Electromagnetic Tracking Approach: A Cadaver Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the approach of using an electromagnetic tracking (EMT) system for measuring the effects of stepwise, simulated knee injuries on patellofemoral (PF) and tibiofemoral (TF) kinematics.

Methods: Three cadaver knees were placed in a motion rig. EMT sensors were mounted on the patella, the medial/lateral femoral epicondyles, the tibial condyle, and the tibial tuberosity (TT).

Gender differences in knee morphology and the prospects for implant design in total knee replacement.

Background: Morphological differences between female and male knees have been reported in the literature, which led to the development of so-called gender-specific implants. However, detailed morphological descriptions covering the entire joint are rare and little is known regarding whether gender differences are real sexual dimorphisms or can be explained by overall differences in size.

Methods: We comprehensively analysed knee morphology using 33 features of the femur and 21 features of the tibia to quantify knee shape.

Patient-specific musculoskeletal modeling of the hip joint for preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty: A validation study based on in vivo measurements.

Validation of musculoskeletal models for application in preoperative planning is still a challenging task. Ideally, the simulation results of a patient-specific musculoskeletal model are compared to corresponding in vivo measurements. Currently, the only possibility to measure in vivo joint forces is to implant an instrumented prosthesis in patients undergoing a total joint replacement.