Evaluation of a single dose of intra-testicular insulin treatment in heat-stressed mice model.

Insulin plays important role in testicular functions such as germ cell proliferation and steroidogenesis, despite its conventional role as a hypoglycaemic agent. It is also well known that testicular activity is severely get affected by heat stress and heat stress induces testicular pathogenesis. The effect of insulin on heat-induced testicular impairment has not been investigated.

Effects of metformin on the uterus of d-galactose-induced aging mice: Histomorphometric, immunohistochemical localization (B-cell lymphoma 2, Bcl2-associated X protein, and active capase3), and oxidative stress study.

d-galactose (DG)-induced rodent aging model has widely been used for the study of age-related dysfunctions of various organs, including gonads and uterus. Antidiabetic drug metformin has gained an attention as antiaging drug in model organism and human but its effect on uterus has not been studied in relation to induced aging. Therefore, we investigated the effect of metformin on uterus of DG-induced aging mice model.

Synthetic leptin c-fragment peptide minimises heat-induced impairment of spermatogenesis in mice via Stat3 signalling.

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a temperature-sensitive process, and an increase in testicular temperature impairs spermatogenesis. Leptin modulates testicular activity, but the effect of leptin or its synthetic analogue on heat-induced testicular impairment is unclear. We investigated the effects of synthetic leptin peptide (116-130 amides) on testicular activity in heat-stressed mice model.

Co-treatment of testosterone and estrogen mitigates heat-induced testicular dysfunctions in a rat model.

The two gonadal steroid hormones, testosterone and estrogen, regulate spermatogenesis by proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of testicular cells. It has been reported that heat stress or increased scrotal temperature impairs spermatogenesis in many mammals. Moreover, testicular heat stress has also been shown to suppress testosterone and estrogen biosynthesis.

Heat-induced changes in the expression and localisation of PGC-1α in the mice testis.

The functions of mammalian testis are temperature-sensitive. There are various testicular factors, which express in response to heat as a mechanism of defence. PGC-1α and HSP70 have poetical role in the protection from oxidative stress in various tissues, including testis.

Effect of metformin on testicular expression and localization of leptin receptor and levels of leptin in the diabetic mice.

Diabetes mellitus impairs testicular activity and leads to infertility. Leptin is one of the endogenous regulators of the male reproductive functions, but the role of leptin and its receptor (LEPR/Ob-R) in the control of testosterone production and testicular proliferation has not been investigated so far, especially in the Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic drug which is beneficial for treating the both DM2 and DM1.

Vitamin D3 regulates apoptosis and proliferation in the testis of D-galactose-induced aged rat model.

The age-associated imbalances between proliferation and apoptosis lead to impaired spermatogenesis and infertility. The age-associated decline in vitamin D3 levels has been reported and suggested the anti-aging potential of vitamin D3. However, the age-associated decline levels of vitamin D3 has not been studied in relation to the testicular activity.

Vitamin D3 treatment regulates apoptosis, antioxidant defense system, and DNA integrity in the epididymal sperm of an aged rat model.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D3 in the epididymal sperm cells of D-gal-induced aged rats. It is well known that during aging sperm quality and quantity declines and leads to age-related infertility problems in males. The results of the present study showed that there were elevated levels of oxidative stress and poor DNA integrity of sperm of aged rats.

Vitamin D3 mediated regulation of steroidogenesis mitigates testicular activity in an aged rat model.

Testicular aging leads to a decrease in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Vitamin D plays an important role in reproduction by modulating testicular steroidogenesis. As the role of vitamin D3 in testicular steroidogenesis during aging has not been explored, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 on testicular functions in d-gal-induced aged rats.

Localization pattern of visfatin (NAMPT) in d-galactose induced aged rat testis.

Aging is a complex irreversible process which leads to decline in body physiology including reproductive activity. Neurological and brain functions defects have been studied in the d-gal induced aging rodent model. However, there is dearth of literature on reproductive aging induced by d-gal treatment.