Assessing the Molecular Heterogeneity of Prostate Cancer Biopsy Sampling: Insights from the MAST Trial.

Background And Objective: Prostate cancer (PC) heterogeneity can result in sampling discrepancies during biopsy, leading to inaccurate molecular classifications that affect treatment decisions. We evaluated transcriptomic profile variability between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) methods using the Decipher GRID platform.

Methods: The study included 205 men from the MAST trial.

Survival Outcomes and Recurrence Patterns Following Focal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer: Insights on Patient Selection and Lessons Learned.

Background And Objective: Focal therapy is increasingly being used as a treatment for localized prostate cancer (PC). Our aim was to evaluate oncological outcomes, recurrence patterns, and survival after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), to discuss the lessons learned from our experience, and to propose strategies to enhance patient selection for HIFU treatment.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2023, 113 patients underwent focal HIFU treatment for PC.

Evaluating transurethral resection of the prostate over twenty years: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Purpose: The goal of this systematic review is to assess the temporal changes in outcomes and complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) from 2000 to 2022.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 randomized clinical trials from PubMed on TURP, involving 8521 patients. Studies were grouped by years: 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2022.

A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing Rezūm with transurethral needle ablation and microwave thermotherapy for the management of enlarged prostate.

Objectives: We aim to compare efficacy and safety of water vapour therapy (Rezūm), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) and transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT) for treating men with moderate to severe benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms.

Materials: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 30 July 2023, followed by reference searching and dual-independent study selection. We analysed only randomized clinical trials.

Capturing relationships between suturing sub-skills to improve automatic suturing assessment.

Suturing skill scores have demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for patient functional recovery. The suturing can be broken down into several substep components, including needle repositioning, needle entry angle, etc. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been explored to automate suturing skill scoring.

Evaluation of different approaches to define expert benchmark scores for new robotic training simulators based on the Medtronic HUGO™ RAS surgical robot experience.

New robot-assisted surgery platforms being developed will be required to have proficiency-based simulation training available. Scoring methodologies and performance feedback for trainees are currently not consistent across all robotic simulator platforms. Also, there are virtually no prior publications on how VR simulation passing benchmarks have been established.

Minimally invasive techniques in quest of Holy Grail of surgical management of enlarged prostates: a narrative review.

Purpose: Past decade has seen a renewed interest in minimally invasive surgical techniques (MISTs) for management of enlarged prostate. This narrative review aims to explore newer MIST for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) which are not yet integrated into established societal guidelines.

Methods: We conducted a literature search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and FDA ClinicalTrials.

The Influence of the Microbiome on Urological Malignancies: A Systematic Review.

The microbiome, once considered peripheral, is emerging as a relevant player in the intricate web of factors contributing to cancer development and progression. These often overlooked microorganisms, in the context of urological malignancies, have been investigated primarily focusing on the gut microbiome, while exploration of urogenital microorganisms remains limited. Considering this, our systematic review delves into the complex role of these understudied actors in various neoplastic conditions, including prostate, bladder, kidney, penile, and testicular cancers.

Effect of pre-operative warm-up on trainee intraoperative performance during robot-assisted hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The objective was to study the effect of immediate pre-operative warm-up using virtual reality simulation on intraoperative robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) performance by gynecology trainees (residents and fellows).

Methods: We randomized the first, non-emergent RALH of the day that involved trainees warming up or not warming up. For cases assigned to warm-up, trainees performed a set of exercises on the da Vinci Skills Simulator immediately before the procedure.

Assessing Associations Between COVID-19 Symptomology and Adverse Outcomes After Piloting Crowdsourced Data Collection: Cross-sectional Survey Study.

Background: Crowdsourcing is a useful way to rapidly collect information on COVID-19 symptoms. However, there are potential biases and data quality issues given the population that chooses to participate in crowdsourcing activities and the common strategies used to screen participants based on their previous experience.

Objective: The study aimed to (1) build a pipeline to enable data quality and population representation checks in a pilot setting prior to deploying a final survey to a crowdsourcing platform, (2) assess COVID-19 symptomology among survey respondents who report a previous positive COVID-19 result, and (3) assess associations of symptomology groups and underlying chronic conditions with adverse outcomes due to COVID-19.

Unusual Involvement of Basal Ganglia and Dentate Nucleus in Children with Acute Encephalopathy with COVID-19.

Children account for 1% to 5% of diagnosed COVID-19 infection with relatively mild presentation compared to adults. The frequency of neurological involvement in acute COVID-19 infection in children is unclear. COVID-19 is also considered to be a neurotropic virus, but so far, in the pediatric age group, very few cases with involvement of basal ganglia and no case of dentate nucleus involvement have been reported in the literature.

Eye Tracking and Motion Data Predict Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Skill.

Objective: Endoscopic surgery has a considerable learning curve due to dissociation of the visual-motor axes, coupled with decreased tactile feedback and mobility. In particular, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) lacks objective skill assessment metrics to provide specific feedback to trainees. This study aims to identify summary metrics from eye tracking, endoscope motion, and tool motion to objectively assess surgeons' ESS skill.

Do Attending and Trainee Surgeons Agree on What Happens in the Operating Room During Septoplasty?

Surgeons must select cases whose complexity aligns with their skill set. To determine how accurately trainees report involvement in procedures, judge case complexity, and assess their own skills. We recruited attendings and trainees from two otolaryngology departments.

Virtual Reality Simulation Has Weak Correlation with Overall Trainee Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Performance.

Study Objective: Both simulator practice and intraoperative performance serve to inform surgical trainee training, but the skill transfer from simulation to the intraoperative setting remains unclear. This study evaluates the correlation between trainee performance on virtual reality simulation and (1) overall intraoperative performance during robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) procedures and (2) suturing performance during vaginal cuff closure portion of the case.

Design: Retrospective subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Surgical data science - from concepts toward clinical translation.

Recent developments in data science in general and machine learning in particular have transformed the way experts envision the future of surgery. Surgical Data Science (SDS) is a new research field that aims to improve the quality of interventional healthcare through the capture, organization, analysis and modeling of data. While an increasing number of data-driven approaches and clinical applications have been studied in the fields of radiological and clinical data science, translational success stories are still lacking in surgery.

Reconstructing the nasal septum from instrument motion during septoplasty surgery.

Surgery involves modifying anatomy to achieve a goal. Reconstructing anatomy can facilitate surgical care through surgical planning, real-time decision support, or anticipating outcomes. Tool motion is a rich source of data that can be used to quantify anatomy.

Individual Alpha Frequency Determines the Impact of Bottom-Up Drive on Visual Processing.

Endogenous alpha oscillations propagate from higher-order to early visual cortical regions, consistent with the observed modulation of these oscillations by top-down factors. However, bottom-up manipulations also influence alpha oscillations, and little is known about how these top-down and bottom-up processes interact to impact behavior. To address this, participants performed a detection task while viewing a stimulus flickering at multiple alpha band frequencies.

Corrigendum to "Phytochemical analysis and antifertility potential of in female Wistar rats: A herbal approach towards contraception" [Chin Herb Med 12 (2020) 281-288].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.

Evaluation of mucoadhesive dexamethasone sodium phosphate gel in the treatment of arecoline-induced oral submucous fibrosis in wister albino rats: A cross-sectional study.

Aim: The present work aimed to prepare an oral mucoadhesive gel of dexamethasone sodium phosphate to serve the purpose of treating oral submucous fibrosis by incorporating the drug in a polymeric matrix to facilitate the localisation of the drug at the absorption site, to prolong drug delivery and to provide patient convenience.

Materials And Methods: The formulations F, F and F were prepared using 2, 2.5 and 3% of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, formulations F, F and F were prepared using 2, 2.

Doctor reported outcomes: Real-world data from a tertiary eye cancer center.

Purpose: To provide real-world data on the world-wide-web for patient and doctor awareness.

Methods: From December 2017 to January 2020, consecutive patients with choroidal melanoma (CM), iris ciliary body melanoma (ICM), and ocular surface squamous carcinoma (OSSC) had specific outcomes recorded at each return visit. Each result was anonymized, entered in an online portal, and sent to a unique software program where it was used to create real-world data of number of patients, mean vision, local tumor control, eye salvage, systemic metastases, and length of follow-up for our eye cancer center.

Predictors and ocular outcomes of rescue treatment in preterm infants with treated retinopathy of prematurity-a retrospective study.

Aim: To determine predictors of rescue treatment among infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity and to evaluate their ocular outcomes at 18-24 months of corrected age.

Methods: This is a single centre retrospective study of infants who received treatment for type 1 ROP, using laser photocoagulation or anti VEGF agents. Multivariable logistic regression was used to generate a prediction model for rescue treatment of ROP.

Phytochemical analysis and antifertility potential of in female Wistar rats: A herbal approach towards contraception.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antifertility activity of ether (ErCD), chloroform (CeCD) and ethyl alcohol (EyCD) extracts of the whole plant of in female Wistar albino rats.

Methods: Acute oral toxicity and an antifertility study were performed in female Wistar rats with two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) of EyCD. The estrogenic and progestogenic effects of EyCD were further observed by administering it to immature Wistar rats by investigations of vaginal cornification, hormonal level, uterus weight, biochemical parameters, histopathology of the uterus and deciduoma formation, respectively.

The Robin Hood dilemma: Is it ethical to use unethical means to achieve something good?

The website Sci-Hub (http://sci-hub.tw/) (1) offers access to medical and scientific research papers from all over the world to anyone ─ for free. So, what's the catch? There isn't one, except for the fact that this is an initiative by an enterprising hacker, Alexandra Asanovna Elbakyan, a Kazakhstani computer programmer, who has cracked the firewalls of the websites of medical publishers.

Effect of real-time virtual reality-based teaching cues on learning needle passing for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Current virtual reality-based (VR) simulators for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS) training lack effective teaching and coaching. Our objective was to develop an automated teaching framework for VR training in RAMIS. Second, we wanted to study the effect of such real-time teaching cues on surgical technical skill acquisition.

Segmenting and classifying activities in robot-assisted surgery with recurrent neural networks.

Purpose: Automatically segmenting and classifying surgical activities is an important prerequisite to providing automated, targeted assessment and feedback during surgical training. Prior work has focused almost exclusively on recognizing gestures, or short, atomic units of activity such as pushing needle through tissue, whereas we also focus on recognizing higher-level maneuvers, such as suture throw. Maneuvers exhibit more complexity and variability than the gestures from which they are composed, however working at this granularity has the benefit of being consistent with existing training curricula.