Affect and executive function dynamics in primary school classrooms: an intensive longitudinal study.

This study investigates the temporal dynamics and affective associations related to executive function (EF) performance in primary school classrooms using an intensive longitudinal design. Data were collected from 35 students aged 8.9 to 11.

Diagnosing new-onset asthma in a paediatric clinical trial setting in school-age children.

Asthma is a common chronic disease in children. It is a dynamic condition-symptoms change over time, and the outcome of diagnostic tests can vary. Consequently, evaluating the onset of asthma at a single point in time, perhaps when patients are asymptomatic with limited impairment of the lung function, may result in false diagnostic conclusions.

Effect of fluticasone propionate/formoterol and fluticasone furoate/vilanterol on adolescents with chronic bronchial obstruction.

Background: The combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting β-agonist (LABA) (ICS/LABA) has shown superiority in improving lung function (FEV) compared with an ICS alone. The clinical effect of a ICS/LABA combination depends on the fine-particle fraction and the pulmonary deposition.

Objective: We sought to compare the efficacy of 2 combinations of an ICS and LABA, namely, fluticasone propionate (FP) and formoterol (FORM) (FP/FORM) and fluticasone furoate (FF) and vilanterol (VI) (FF/VI), in asthmatic adolescents with chronic bronchial obstruction.

Competence in Sports Pharmacy among Pharmacy Students in Norway.

Pharmacists are competent to promote the proper use of medicines. According to the International Pharmaceutical Federation, pharmacists must develop competence in sports pharmacy and the contents of the World Anti-Doping Agency code. This explorative study aimed to identify the status of sports pharmacy in pharmacy education in Norway and competence in sports pharmacy among Norwegian pharmacy students.

Sibling effects on problem and prosocial behavior in childhood: Patterns of intrafamilial "contagion" by birth order.

We investigated longitudinal relations between siblings' problem and prosocial behavior, measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, among different sibship sizes in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. We identified 3436 families with two children and 1188 families with three children. All children (cohort members and their older sibling [OS]) had valid data on behavior at two time points (in 2004 and 2006).

The link between early childhood lower airway symptoms, airway hyperresponsiveness, and school-age lung function.

Background: The role of early airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lung function of school-age children is currently unclear.

Objective: To conduct a prospective follow-up study of lung function in schoolchildren with a history of lower airway symptoms and AHR to methacholine in early childhood and to compare the findings to schoolchildren with no previous or current lung diseases. We also explored symptoms and markers of type 2 inflammation.

Endodontic operative field asepsis: a comparison between general dentists and specialists.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the establishment of an aseptic endodontic operative field in general dentistry by assessing general dentists' ability to reduce the amount of contamination to a non-cultivable level, and to compare the operative field asepsis at a general dentistry clinic with that at an endodontic specialist clinic.

Materials And Methods: A total of 353 teeth were included in the study (153 in general dentistry, 200 at the specialist clinic). After isolation, control samples were taken, the operative fields disinfected with 30% hydrogen peroxide (1 min) followed by 5% iodine tincture or .

Swedish dental health care workers' sense of safety and satisfaction with the information they received during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The aim was to explore what affected dental health care workers' sense of safety while working during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine their satisfaction with the information they received on COVID-19 and pandemic protocols.

Material And Method: An invitation to participate in the survey was distributed to 2,990 dental health care workers in Sweden. Open-ended questions were analyzed using the Theoretical Domains Framework, closed-ended questions with Pearson's chi-squared test.

Subtypes of Adult-Onset Asthma at the Time of Diagnosis: A Latent Class Analysis.

Introduction: Only a few previous studies have investigated the subtypes of adult-onset asthma. No previous study has assessed whether these subtypes are different between men and women, or whether these subtypes have different risk factors.

Methods: We applied latent class analyses to the Finnish Environment and Asthma Study population, including 520 new cases of adult-onset asthma.

The potential of biophysiology for understanding motivation, engagement and learning experiences.

Background And Aims: Integrative models applied to human learning and performance emphasize the joint operation of biological, psychological, social, and educational processes to fully understand human functioning. Educational psychology researchers have typically emphasized psycho-educational and psycho-social factors in motivation, engagement and learning, but do not often consider the biophysiological factors.

Results: This Editorial and Special Issue advances current understanding on the role of biophysiological factors and processes in students' and teachers' motivation, engagement, and learning experiences, by showcasing recent educational research that included biophysiological measures and methods.

Teachers' situational physiological stress and affect.

Since teaching is a demanding and stressful profession, the study of teachers' physiological stress in the classroom setting is an emerging field. In cross-sectional studies self-reported stress and affect are related, but less is known about the intraindividual relations between situational physiological stress and corresponding positive and negative affect. The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between situational physiological stress (six salivary cortisol samples per day) and self-reported situational affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule four times a day) among 61 Finnish primary school teachers over two workdays.

Exploring children's exposure to voice assistants and their ontological conceptualizations of life and technology.

Unlabelled: Digital Voice Assistants (DVAs) have become a ubiquitous technology in today's home and childhood environments. Inspired by (Bernstein and Crowley, J Learn Sci 17:225-247, 2008) original study ( = 60, age 4-7 years) on how children's ontological conceptualizations of life and technology were systematically associated with their real-world exposure to robotic entities, the current study explored this association for children in their middle childhood ( = 143, age 7-11 years) and with different levels of DVA-exposure. We analyzed correlational survey data from 143 parent-child dyads who were recruited on 'Amazon Mechanical Turk' (MTurk).

Academic help-seeking interactions in the classroom: A microlongitudinal study.

Background: Help-seeking research has traditionally inferred behavioural responses to the need for help from post-hoc reflections and experiments outside of the classroom context.

Aim: We aimed to gain an ecologically valid understanding of the help-seeking process by examining the association between pupils' task-specific perceptions and their help-seeking interactions with teachers and peers during lessons.

Sample: Participants were 290 pupils in Years 4-6 (aged 8.

Intermittent Tiotropium Bromide for Episodic Wheezing: A Randomized Trial.

Background And Objectives: Options to treat and prevent episodic wheezing in children are scarce. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of intermittent tiotropium bromide treatment in early childhood episodic wheezing.

Methods: This 48-week, randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted at 4 hospitals in Finland.

Physical activity predicts task-related behaviour, affect and tiredness in the primary school classroom: A within-person experiment.

Aim: We investigated the dose-response relationship between acute physical activity (PA) intensity during physical education (PE) lessons (dose), and task behaviour and learning experiences in the classroom after PE (response), and mediation effects of acute PA on-task behaviour via learning experiences.

Method: A total of 78 children (M  = 9.30 years; 43 females) took part.

Small airway function in Finnish COVID-19 survivors.

Follow-up studies of COVID-19 patients have found lung function impairment up to six months after initial infection, but small airway function has not previously been studied. Patients (n = 20) hospitalised for a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent spirometry, impulse oscillometry, and multiple measurements of alveolar nitric oxide three to six months after acute infection. None of the patients had small airway obstruction, nor increased nitric oxide concentration in the alveolar level.

A Multilevel Person-Centered Examination of Teachers' Workplace Experiences: Replication and Extension With Links to Instructional Support and Achievement.

In a replication and extension of an earlier study, we relied on person-centered analyses to identify teacher (Level 1) and school (Level 2) profiles based on teachers' experiences of job demands (barriers to professional development, disruptive student behavior), job resources (teacher collaboration, input in decision-making), and personal resources (self-efficacy). We examined data from 5,439 teachers working in 364 schools in Australia and 2,216 teachers working in 149 schools in England. Latent profile analysis revealed six teacher profiles: Low-Demand-Flourisher (11%), Mixed-Demand-Flourisher (17%), Job-Resourced-Average (11%), Balanced-Average (14%), Mixed-Resourced-Struggler (11%), and Low-Resourced-Struggler (36%).

Impulse oscillometry and free-running tests for diagnosing asthma and monitoring lung function in young children.

Background: Separating individuals with viral-induced wheezing from those with asthma is challenging, and there are no guidelines for children under 6 years of age. Impulse oscillometry, however, is feasible in 4-year-old children.

Objective: To explore the use of impulse oscillometry in diagnosing and monitoring asthma in young children and evaluating treatment response to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS).

Overweight and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction - Is there a link?

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of body mass index with regard to exercise performance, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), and respiratory symptoms in 7- to 16-year-old children.

Methods: A total of 1120 outdoor running exercise challenge test results of 7- to 16-year-old children were retrospectively reviewed. Lung function was evaluated with spirometry, and exercise performance was assessed by calculating distance per 6 minutes from the running time and distance.

Intra-individual dynamics of lesson-specific engagement: Lagged and cross-lagged effects from one lesson to the next.

Background: Student engagement denotes active participation in academic work through commitment and involvement in learning tasks (Appleton et al., 2006, Journal of School Psychology, 44, 427). This study looks at questions such as whether engagement experiences in one lesson have an effect on the next lesson.