Association of Constipation with Modes of Delivery: A Retrospective Questionnaire-based Study.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Pelvic floor damage can contribute to pelvic floor dysfunction, including constipation. Most studies focus on constipation during pregnancy, whereas information regarding the mode of delivery in relation to constipation is limited. We hypothesise that women with a history of vaginal delivery report constipation more often than women with a history of caesarean section.

Age-specific reference scores for the PISQ-12 on female sexual functioning in the Netherlands: a retrospective population-based survey.

Background: Female sexual dysfunction is common in the general population, with age emerging as a significant determinant of sexual activity and functioning.

Aim: To establish age-specific reference scores for the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) in the general Dutch female population.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in the Netherlands.

Volunteering and instrumental support during the first phase of the pandemic in Europe: the significance of COVID-19 exposure and stringent country's COVID-19 policy.

Background: The COVID-19 control policies might negatively impact older adults' participation in volunteer work, instrumental support provision, and the likelihood of receiving instrumental support. Studies that quantify changes in these activities and the related factors are limited. The current study aimed to examine the level of volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt before and during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and to determine whether older adults' volunteering, instrumental support provision and receipt were associated with individual exposure to COVID-19 and the stringency of country's COVID-19 control policy during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sociodemographic Factors and Adjustment of Daily Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Findings from the SHARE Corona Survey.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, older people across Europe have adjusted their daily activities as personal risk avoidance and as an amendment to policy recommendations and restrictions. In this study, we use multilevel logistic regressions to examine to what extent sociodemographic factors are associated with activity reduction among the older population (50+) in Europe and whether these associations are moderated by governmental policy responses to COVID-19. By combining data for~35,000 respondents from the SHARE Corona Survey on reported changes in daily activities and stringency of restrictions at the national level, we find that older age, poorer health and being female versus male were (consistently) associated with greater activity reduction across all activities both in countries with weak and in those with strong restrictions.

Exploring concomitant pelvic floor symptoms in community-dwelling females and males.

Objectives: Researchers and clinicians tend to focus on one pelvic floor symptom (PFS) at the time. However, the pelvic floor acts as one functional unit, increasing the likelihood of concurrent PFS in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. There is also a paucity of literature on the prevalence of concomitant PFS, especially in males.

Frailty and types of social relationships among older adults in 17 European countries: A latent class analysis.

Background: Frailty is a syndrome commonly associated with old age. Social relationships are an essential determinant of frailty progression, and frailty can negatively affect social relationships.

Objectives: To identify social relationship types among older adults in Europe; to evaluate whether social relationship types differ across European regions; and to assess the association between frailty status and social relationship type.

Young adults' return migration from large cities in Sweden: The role of siblings and parents.

Living in cities affects young adults' access to education and work. With the use of register data for 2000-2013, we examined the role of having siblings and parents living close by and having siblings and parents living in the area of origin, in young adults' return migration from the four largest cities in Sweden. We found that young adults were less likely to return, and also less likely to migrate elsewhere, if they had siblings or parents living in the city of residence than if this was not the case.

A longitudinal study on social support, social participation, and older Europeans' Quality of life.

The association between quality of life (QoL) and social relationships is well established. This paper further analyses whether and how participation in social activities as well as providing and receiving social support, independently, are associated with QoL among the older population in 16 European countries. QoL was measured using the CASP-12 scale.

Young Adults' Migration to Cities in Sweden: Do Siblings Pave the Way?

Young adult internal migration forms a large share of the influx of people into large cities in the developed world. We investigate the role of the residential locations of siblings for young adults' migration to large cities, using the case of Sweden and its four largest cities: Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö/Lund, and Uppsala. We use register data for the full Swedish-born population of young adults aged 18-28 living in Sweden in the years 2007-2013 and multinomial logistic regression analyses of migrating to each of the four cities or migrating elsewhere versus not migrating.

Boomerang Behaviour and Emerging Adulthood: Moving Back to the Parental Home and the Parental Neighbourhood in Sweden.

This paper makes two original contributions to research on young adults' boomerang mobility. First, it reveals the magnitude and complexity of return moves by young people to their parental home and neighbourhood. Secondly, it shows that the determinants and associates of return migration vary significantly when analysed at two different geographical scales-the parental home and the parental neighbourhood area.

Changes in the provision of instrumental support by older adults in nine European countries during 2004-2015: a panel data analysis.

Background: Providing support to others has been shown to be beneficial to older adults. As people age, their health and social relationships change. These changes may also relate to changes in social support provision.

Income inequality and old-age mortality in Sweden: do regional development and lagged effect matter?

We designed a retrospective cohort study for exploring the impact of municipality-level income inequality, based on the Gini 1986, 2004 indices, on all-cause old-age mortality among the older Swedish population during 2005-2009. We controlled for the confounding effects of individual and regional correlates and the lag effects of inequality by using multilevel logistic regression. The effects of income inequality were not consistent across age cohorts and, among the youngest cohorts, were negligible.

Living alone and mortality among older people in Västerbotten County in Sweden: a survey and register-based longitudinal study.

Background: Living alone is increasingly common and has been depicted as an important cause of mortality. We examined the association between living alone and mortality risks among older men and women in northern Sweden, by linking two unique longitudinal datasets.

Methods: We used the Linnaeus database, which links several population registers on socioeconomic and health.

Evaluation of two vaginal, uterus sparing operations for pelvic organ prolapse: modified Manchester operation (MM) and sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSH), a study protocol for a multicentre randomized non-inferiority trial (the SAM study).

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects up to 40% of parous women which adversely affects the quality of life. During a life time, 20% of all women will undergo an operation. In general the guidelines advise a vaginal operation in case of uterine descent: hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament plication (VH), sacrospinous hysteropexy (SSH) or a modified Manchester operation (MM).

Is spatial mobility on the rise or in decline? An order-specific analysis of the migration of young adults in Sweden.

The aim of this study is to investigate spatial mobility over time. Research on 'new mobilities' suggests increasing movement of individuals, technology, and information. By contrast, studies of internal migration report declining spatial mobility in recent decades.

Health disparities in Europe's ageing population: the role of social network.

Background: Previous research suggests that the social network may play very different roles in relation to health in countries with differing welfare regimes.

Objective: The study aimed to assess the interplay between social network, socioeconomic position, and self-rated health (SRH) in European countries.

Methods: The study used cross-sectional data on individuals aged 50+ from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and includes data from 16 countries.

Use of moist smokeless tobacco (snus) and the risk of development of alcohol dependence: a cohort study in a middle-aged population in Sweden.

Background: Convincing evidence shows that smoking is associated with alcohol dependence (AD) and a positive correlation between snus and alcohol consumption was previously shown in cross-sectional studies. We performed a longitudinal evaluation of the risk of snus users to develop AD.

Methods: A cohort study in Västerbotten County, Sweden, linked individual data on socioeconomic situation and health survey data from 21,037 men and women (46.

Life course socioeconomic position and mortality: a population register-based study from Sweden.

Aims: Adverse social circumstances during one's life course have been related to an increased risk of mortality. This article extends the literature by focusing on adversity at each phase of, and cumulatively at midlife in the Swedish population.

Methods: Data on socioeconomic indicators from 1970, 1980 and 1990 were linked to death registrations from 2000 to 2009.

Do unequal societies cause death among the elderly? A study of the health effects of inequality in Swedish municipalities in 2006.

Background: A lively public and academic debate has highlighted the potential health risks of living in regions characterized by inequality. Research provides an ambiguous picture, however, with positive association between income equality and health mainly being found on higher levels of geographical division, such as nations, but rarely at local level.

Methods: We examined the association between income inequality (using the Gini coefficient) and all-cause mortality in Swedish municipalities in the 65-74 age group.

Can preoperative urodynamic investigation be omitted in women with stress urinary incontinence? A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To assess in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) the value of urodynamics prior to treatment.

Methods: We performed a multicenter non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Women with SUI were randomly allocated to management based on a workup with or without urodynamics.

Who is using snus? - Time trends, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics of snus users in the ageing Swedish population.

Background: The prevalence of smoking in Sweden has decreased in recent decades, and is now among the lowest in the world. During the same period, the use of Swedish moist oral snuff, a smokeless tobacco called snus, has increased. Few studies have evaluated time trends of the socioeconomic and geographic characteristics of snus users in Sweden.

Longitudinal data for interdisciplinary ageing research. Design of the Linnaeus Database.

Rationale: To allow for interdisciplinary research on the relations between socioeconomic conditions and health in the ageing population, a new anonymized longitudinal database - the Linnaeus Database - has been developed at the Centre for Population Studies at Umeå University. This paper presents the database and its research potential.

Design: Using the Swedish personal numbers the researchers have, in collaboration with Statistics Sweden and the National Board for Health and Welfare, linked individual records from Swedish register data on death causes, hospitalization and various socioeconomic conditions with two databases - Betula and VIP (Västerbottens Intervention Programme) - previously developed by the researchers at Umeå University.

Changes in energy status of leaf cells as a consequence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement.

The MSC16 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mutant with lower activity of mitochondrial Complex I was used to study the influence of mitochondrial metabolism on whole cell energy and redox state. Mutant plants had lower content of adenylates and NADP(H) whereas the NAD(H) pool was similar as in wild type.