Quantification of Urinary Exosomal Prostate-Specific Antigen for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer Using Clinical Laboratory-Based Techniques: Protocol for a Case-Control Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men and represents a major public health problem. The current method for the diagnosis or screening of prostate cancer is invasive and costly. There have been renewed and innovative studies searching for urinary biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer, especially with technologies based on urinary exosomes.

Transmission electron microscopy assessment of a novel method for isolating pure exosomes from serum.

Serum exosomes frequently are used for liquid biopsy. Serum exosomes normally are isolated using ultracentrifugation; however, ultracentrifugation is time-consuming, labor intensive and requires a high-speed centrifuge. Many commercial kits use a precipitation-based method; however, this process can result in substantial contamination.

A specific technique of immunolabelling of urinary small extracellular vesicle biomarkers for the diagnostic of renal cancer.

Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are characterized by the membrane expression of CD63, CD81 and CD9 tetraspanins. Their size is inferior to 200 nm. They share the same characteristics as the native cells and are found in human fluids.

Tumor-Derived Exosomal RNA From Fine-Needle Aspiration Supernatant as a Novel Liquid Biopsy for Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer.

We hypothesized that the fine needle aspiration (FNA) supernatant from tumor might contain tumor-derived exosomes. The objective of this pilot study was to test if tumor-derived exosomal RNA could be found in FNA supernatants for molecular diagnosis of cancer. 10 FNA samples from pancreatic tumor were included.

Platelet transmission electron microscopy for the assessment of poor biological response to antiplatelet agent: pilot descriptive and prospective study - ELECTROSTROKE.

Introduction: Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Thus, a strategy based on an efficient antiplatelet therapy has been developed. The monitoring of antiplatelet therapy is now limited to high risk and poor prognosis patients.

Urinary Exosomal CA9 mRNA as a Novel Liquid Biopsy for Molecular Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of using urinary exosomal CA9 mRNA as a novel liquid biopsy for the molecular diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Patients And Methods: A total of 168 bladder cancer patients and 90 control subjects were included in the study. An isolation kit was used to isolate urinary exosomes.

Presence of Urinary Exosomes for Liquid Biopsy of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: Approximately 70%-80% of kidney cancers are clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCCs). Patient management is based on imaging (abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography), surgical excision of the tumor, and pathological analysis. A tissue biopsy is therefore necessary to confirm the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary nephrectomy.

Monitoring of biological response to clopidogrel after treatment for non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Background And Purpose: Biological response to clopidogrel prescribed after a non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) has been little studied. The aim of our study (AAPIX) was to assess this response and investigate the agreement between different biological assays in revealing poor responders.

Methods: Patients hospitalized following a non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and prescribed clopidogrel were consecutively included from September 2013 to November 2015 in the Stroke Center of Saint-Etienne Hospital.

Role of platelet α2-adrenoreceptor in biological low response to Clopidogrel for patients with non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Background And Purpose: Low biological response to Clopidogrel prescribed after non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a major clinical problem and could explain the recurrence of vascular events. Platelet α2-adrenoreceptors are involved in the high residual platelet reactivity in stable coronary artery disease patients on dual antiplatelet therapy. In the present study we investigated the impact of platelet α2-adrenoreceptors on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and on ADP-induced platelet membrane CD62P (P-selectin) expression, a marker of platelet activation on blood samples from patients hospitalized at the acute phase of a non cardioembolic ischemic stroke or TIA.

Assessment of a flow cytometry technique for studying signaling pathways in platelets: Monitoring of VASP phosphorylation in clinical samples.

A recently released kit (PerFix EXPOSE) was reported to improve the measurement of the degree of phosphorylation of proteins in leukocytes by flow cytometry. We tested its adaptation for platelets to monitor vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation, which is the basis of a currently used test for the assessment of the pharmacological response to P2Y12 antagonists (PLT VASP/P2Y12). The PerFix EXPOSE kit was compared to the PLT VASP/P2Y12 kit by using blood samples drawn at 24 h post clopidogrel dose from 19 patients hospitalized for a non-cardio-embolic ischemic stroke and treated with clopidogrel monotherapy for at least five days in an observational study.

Investigation of drug-drug interactions between clopidogrel and fluoxetine.

Drug-drug interactions may contribute to the variability of the response of clopidogrel. Several hypotheses have been proposed concerning the potential modification of clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics by fluoxetine. This open-label crossover study assessed the effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacological activity of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers.

Prevalence of poor biological response to clopidogrel: a systematic review.

The existence of poor biological response to clopidogrel has been shown in some patients. Despite the increasing number of studies, this phenomenon remains difficult to quantify. We performed a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of poor biological response to clopidogrel and investigate the factors known to modulate this.

Clinical implications of clopidogrel non-response in cardiovascular patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: BSUMMARY BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown an important risk of cardiovascular events in patients with clopidogrel biological non-response, and data have shown considerable, unexplored heterogeneity.

Objectives: To evaluate the magnitude of cardiovascular risk associated with clopidogrel non-response and to explore heterogeneity.

Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of patients treated with clopidogrel for symptomatic atherothrombosis, evaluated by light transmission aggregometry with ADP and monitored prospectively for clinical ischemic events.

Investigation of PK-PD drug-drug interaction between acenocoumarol and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid.

A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) drug-drug interaction between acenocoumarol and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid antibiotic was assessed in eight healthy volunteers, using a population PK-PD) model. Each subject received at day 1 a single dose of 8 mg of acenocoumarol. Then 1 g of amoxicillin + 250 mg of clavulanic acid was given from days 3 to 9.

Ca(2+) influx and opening of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in muscle fibers from control and mdx mice.

Using the patch-clamp technique, we demonstrate that, in depolarized cell-attached patches from mouse skeletal muscle fibers, a short hyperpolarization to resting value is followed by a transient activation of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (K(Ca)) upon return to depolarized levels. These results indicate that sparse sites of passive Ca(2+) influx at resting potentials are responsible for a subsarcolemmal Ca(2+) load high enough to induce K(Ca) channel activation upon muscle activation. We then investigate this phenomenon in mdx dystrophin-deficient muscle fibers, in which an elevated Ca(2+) influx and a subsequent subsarcolemmal Ca(2+) overload are suspected.

Basis for intracellular retention of a human mutant of the retinal rod channel alpha subunit.

A mutant of the a subunit of the retinal rod cyclic GMP-gated channel, [Arg654(1-bp del)], corresponding to a truncated alphaR654Dstop subunit, was previously described in patients with retinitis pigmentosa: when expressed in HEK-293 cells, this mutated a subunit was retained inside the cell, but had normal channel activity in one case where it reached the plasma membrane, indicating that the mechanism of targeting is altered by the mutation, but not the function of the channel. The corresponding mutants of the bovine rod channel (alphaR656D stop), and of the closely related olfactory neuron channel (alphaR632Dstop) alpha subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and their activity was analyzed by patch-clamp. Like their human homologue, these two channels have no activity, and we show that their GFP fusion proteins are accumulated into intracellular compartments.

Effects of extracellular ATP on freshly isolated mouse skeletal muscle cells during pre-natal and post-natal development.

Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has profound effects on membrane conductance and on the intracellular free [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cultured skeletal muscle cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the occurrence and to characterize the properties of such responses during mammalian muscle development in vivo. The effect of ATP (0.

Elevated subsarcolemmal Ca2+ in mdx mouse skeletal muscle fibers detected with Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy results from the lack of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein associated with the inner surface membrane, in skeletal muscle. The cellular mechanisms responsible for the progressive skeletal muscle degeneration that characterizes the disease are still debated. One hypothesis suggests that the resting sarcolemmal permeability for Ca(2+) is increased in dystrophic muscle, leading to Ca(2+) accumulation in the cytosol and eventually to protein degradation.

Stretch-induced activation of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in mouse skeletal muscle fibers.

High-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (K(Ca)) channels were studied in mouse skeletal muscle fibers using the patch-clamp technique. In inside-out patches, application of negative pressure to the patch induced a dose-dependent and reversible activation of K(Ca) channels. Stretch-induced increase in channel activity was found to be of the same magnitude in the presence and in the absence of Ca(2+) in the pipette.