The Effect of Fluid Availability on Consumption and Perceptual Measures during Aerobic Exercise.

Fluid availability may alter drinking behavior; however, it is currently unknown if the availability of fluid impacts behavior and gastrointestinal issues (GI) that are often associated with increased fluid intake. The purpose of this study was to determine if ad libitum (AL) versus periodic (PER) fluid intake influences fluid consumption and GI distress during exercise in trained athletes. Male and female Division I NCAA Cross Country athletes (n = 11; age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in this counterbalanced crossover study.

Fluid Restriction Negatively Influences Perceived Morning Alertness and Visuomotor Ability.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two fluid intake protocols on alertness and reaction time before and after fluid intake. Healthy college-age males ( = 12) followed two fluid intake protocols on separate occasions: (1) prescribed fluid (PF) and fluid restricted (FR). In PF, participants were instructed to consume 500 mL of fluid the night prior to and the morning of data collection.

Role of age and sex on dual tasking using a treadmill desk while performing cognitive tests.

Background: Treadmill desks have been used extensively to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary time in the work environment. However, dual tasking, such as simultaneously walking and performing a cognitive task, may result in diminished performance in one or both tasks.

Research Question: Do age and sex impact ability to dual task while using a treadmill desk at a preferred walking speed?.

Location, Location, Location: Accelerometer Placement Affects Steps-Based Physical Activity Outcomes During Pregnancy and Postpartum.

As pregnancy progresses, physical changes may affect physical activity (PA) measurement validity. n = 11 pregnant women (30.1 ± 3.

Is pregnancy brain real? Comparison of dual task cost during overground walking in pregnant versus control women.

Background: Many pregnant women report that their memory is impaired compared to non-pregnancy, but results of studies of cognitive abilities are mixed. The effect of pregnancy on dual tasking, or performance of two tasks simultaneously, has not been studied, however.

Research Question: What is the effect of walking overground at a self-selected speed while also performing a cognitive task on gait and cognitive performance during 3rd trimester of pregnancy compared to non-pregnant controls?

Methods: A total of n = 22 3rd trimester pregnant women (mean 33.

Differences in Balance Ability and Motor Control between Dancers and Non-Dancers with Varying Foot Positions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate balance and motor control in dancers and non-dancers with different foot positions. Physically active female dancers ( = 11) and non-dancers ( = 9) randomly completed two balance tests in a single visit: 1) Y-balance test (YBT), and 2) motor control test (MCT). Each test was completed with two different foot positions: 1) first ballet position in which heels were touching and feet were externally rotated to 140 degrees, and 2) sixth ballet position in which heels were spaced 10 cm apart and forward parallel.

Nocebo Effects on Perceived Muscle Soreness and Exercise Performance Following Unaccustomed Resistance Exercise: A Pilot Study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nocebo administration on perceived soreness and exercise performance following unaccustomed resistance exercise. Untrained males were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: (1) control or (2) negative-belief. For the negative-belief group, participants were given a capsule before exercise containing 400 mg of an inert substance (gluten-free cornstarch) and were told the supplement would increase muscle soreness.

Physical and Cognitive Performance During Upper-Extremity Versus Full-Body Exercise Under Dual Tasking Conditions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate physical and cognitive performance during dual task conditions of upper-extremity (UE) or full-body (FB) rowing exercise. In a crossover counterbalanced design, college-aged male and female participants completed five conditions: (a) Sitting, (b) Single task UE rowing, (c) Single task FB rowing, (d) Dual task UE rowing, and (e) Dual task FB rowing. For single task UE and FB rowing conditions, participants were asked to row as hard as possible.

Effects of Time-of-Day Training Preference on Resistance-Exercise Performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how time-of-day training preference influences resistance-exercise performance. Resistance trained males ( = 12) were recruited for this study. In a crossover, counterbalanced design, participants completed two separate bench-press exercise trials at different times of day: (a) morning (AM; 8:00 hr) and (b) evening (PM; 16:00 hr).

Effects of Preferred and Nonpreferred Warm-Up Music on Exercise Performance.

This study investigated the effects of preferred and non-preferred warm-up music listening conditions on subsequent exercise performance. A total of 12 physically active male and female participants engaged in a crossover, counterbalanced research design in which they completed exercise trials after 3 different warm-up experiences of (a) no music (NM), (b) preferred music (PREF), and (c) nonpreferred music (NON-PREF). Participants began warming up by rowing at 50% of of age-predicted heart rate maximum (HR) for 5 minutes while exposed to the three music conditions.

Longitudinal changes in walking cadence across pregnancy and postpartum.

Background: Physical activity during pregnancy has many health benefits yet few pregnant women meet US guidelines for physical activity. Traditionally, physical activity has been measured as time spent in moderate and/or vigorous intensity activity, but quantifying intensity is challenging. There is increasing interest in measuring both daily steps and stepping rate, or cadence, as an indicator of physical activity overall and intensity of that activity.

Walking for health during pregnancy: A literature review and considerations for future research.

Walking is the most commonly chosen type of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and provides several health benefits to both mother and child. National initiatives have promoted the importance of walking in general, but little emphasis is directed toward pregnant women, the majority of whom are insufficiently active. Pregnant women face a variety of dynamic barriers to a physically active lifestyle, some of which are more commonly experienced during specific times throughout the pregnancy experience.

Effects of Protective American Football Headgear on Peripheral Vision Reaction Time and Visual Target Detection in Division I NCAA Football Players.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of protective football headgear on peripheral vision reaction time and visual target detection. Twenty-five Division I NCAA football players (age = 20.5 yrs ± 0.

Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Pregnancy Physical Activity in a Non-pregnant Population.

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and beliefs about pregnancy physical activity (PA) in non-pregnant individuals. We hypothesized that younger, more educated, females, those who had ever been pregnant (or partner had been pregnant, for males) and physically active individuals would view pregnancy PA more positively than older individuals, those with less education, males, those who had not ever been pregnant (partner had not been pregnant, for males), and those who are inactive, respectively. Participants were non-pregnant adults ages 20+ years who were recruited by word-of-mouth, social media, and from physician offices.

Effects of Listening to Preferred versus Non-Preferred Music on Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of listening to preferred or non-preferred music on repeated sprint performance. Fourteen physically active males (ages 18-25 years) were recruited for this study. In a counterbalanced crossover study design, participants completed two separate visits.

Pregnancy walking cadence does not vary by trimester.

Background: Pregnancy-related changes in walking speed, gait dynamics, and total physical activity have been reported in past research, but free-living step cadences and their rates of change across pregnancy have not been studied.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to describe free-living stepping cadence in pregnant women and examine differences between second and third trimester women. We hypothesized that physical activity walking cadences would be lower later in pregnancy.

Effects of Preferred vs. Nonpreferred Music on Resistance Exercise Performance.

Ballmann, CG, McCullum, MJ, Rogers, RR, Marshall, MR , and Williams, TD. Effects of preferred vs. nonpreferred music on resistance exercise performance.

Effects of Prior Fasting on Fat Oxidation during Resistance Exercise.

Prior research has demonstrated that the percentage of fuel utilization contributed by CHO compared to fat rises with an increase in exercise intensity. The role of food intake prior to exercise has been well studied and fasting prior to exercise generally increases reliance on fat as fuel. However, data on the role of fasting prior to resistance exercise is limited.

Physical Activity Device Reliability and Validity during Pregnancy and Postpartum.

Unlabelled: Current physical activity (PA) recommendations for women experiencing a normal pregnancy reflect recent research showing numerous health benefits for mother and offspring. However, few studies have evaluated PA devices' reliability and validity during pregnancy, because anatomical and physiological changes throughout gestation could affect an instrument's accuracy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of PA devices worn on the hip, ankle, and triceps during pregnancy and postpartum.

Perceived Exertion of Physical Activity During Pregnancy.

Background: Maternal physical activity declines across gestation, possibly due to changing perception of physical activity intensity. Our purpose was to a) determine whether rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during a treadmill exercise changes at a given energy expenditure, and b) identify the influence of prepregnancy physical activity behavior on this relationship.

Methods: Fifty-one subjects were classified as either exercisers (N = 26) or sedentary (N = 25).

Development of a prediction model to predict VO2(peak) in adolescent girls using the Bruce protocol to exhaustion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model based on a submaximal workload during the Bruce treadmill protocol to estimate peak oxygen consumption (VO2(peak)) in adolescent girls.

Method: Adolescent girls (N = 116, M(age) = 13.2 +/- 2.

Sex-specific effects of exercise ancestry on metabolic, morphological and gene expression phenotypes in multiple generations of mouse offspring.

Early life and preconception environmental stimuli can affect adult health-related phenotypes. Exercise training is an environmental stimulus affecting many systems throughout the body and appears to alter offspring phenotypes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental exercise training, or 'exercise ancestry', on morphological and metabolic phenotypes in two generations of mouse offspring.

Chronic exercise modifies age-related telomere dynamics in a tissue-specific fashion.

We evaluated the impact of long-term exercise on telomere dynamics in wild-derived short telomere mice (CAST/Ei) over 1 year. We observed significant telomere shortening in liver and cardiac tissues in sedentary 1-year-old mice compared with young (8 weeks) baseline mice that were attenuated in exercised 1-year-old animals. In contrast, skeletal muscle exhibited significant telomere shortening in exercise mice compared with sedentary and young mice.

Anthropometry as a predictor of vertical jump heights derived from an instrumented platform.

The current study purpose examined the vertical height-anthropometry relationship with jump data obtained from an instrumented platform. Our methods required college-aged (n = 177) subjects to make 3 visits to our laboratory to measure the following anthropometric variables: height, body mass, upper arm length (UAL), lower arm length, upper leg length, and lower leg length. Per jump, maximum height was measured in 3 ways: from the subjects' takeoff, hang times, and as they landed on the platform.

Data reproducibility from an inertial kinetic exercise machine.

An inertial kinetic exercise (IKE, Oconomowoc, WI, USA) machine was created that permits high-velocity workouts suited for injury rehabilitation and speed development in athletes. In addition, its design does not entail the movement of resistance against Earth's gravitational pull. Thus, the design and operation associated with the IKE may be incorporated into novel environments such as space flight.