Twenty Years of Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples in the United States: Evidence Review and New Analyse.

Twenty years ago, the United States was divided by heated debates over legalizing marriage for same-sex couples. Those in favor argued that granting same-sex couples access to marriage would strengthen commitment for same-sex couples, extend the financial benefits of marriage to same-sex households, and improve outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents. Those who were opposed argued that granting legal status to marriages between same-sex partners would alter the foundation of marriage and diminish its value for different-sex couples, ultimately harming children by making them less likely to be raised in stable, two-parent families.

Self-avoidance dominates the selection of hippocampal replay.

Spontaneous neural activity sequences are generated by the brain in the absence of external input , yet how they are produced remains unknown. During immobility, hippocampal replay sequences depict spatial paths related to the animal's past experience or predicted future . By recording from large ensembles of hippocampal place cells in combination with optogenetic manipulation of cortical input in freely behaving rats, we show here that the selection of hippocampal replay is governed by a novel self-avoidance principle.

A sucrose-binding protein and β-conglycinins regulate soybean seed protein content and control multiple seed traits.

Expanded agriculture production is required to support the world's population but can impose substantial environmental and climate change costs, particularly with intensifying animal production and protein demand. Shifting from an animal- to a plant-based protein diet has numerous health benefits. Soybean (Glycine max [L.

Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming surgery: A state-by-state review.

Objective: To systematically review Medicaid policies state-by-state for gender-affirming surgery coverage.

Data Sources And Study Setting: Primary data were collected for each US state utilizing the LexisNexis legal database, state legislature publications, and Medicaid manuals.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study evaluating Medicaid coverage for numerous gender-affirming surgeries.

Demographics and Career Trends of Urology Fellowship Directors in the United States.

Introduction: Fellowship directors (FDs) hold significant leadership roles within the academic urology community. We sought to characterize common trends in training and academic productivity among urology FDs. Moreover, we aimed to characterize gender differences across subspecialties to better inform gender-based inclusion efforts and contemporary leadership pathways.

A Full Bladder Is Not Needed for the Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale.

Introduction: Our objectives were to evaluate the Male Stress Incontinence Grading Scale to stratify male patients with stress urinary incontinence for either artificial urinary sphincter or sling using a standing cough test and determine if an emptier bladder at the time of assessment carries increased risk of treatment failure.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of male patients undergoing sling and artificial urinary sphincter placement. The standing cough test score and bladder scan results were documented at initial evaluation.

Simultaneous estimation of the temporal and spatial extent of animal migration using step lengths and turning angles.

Background: Animals of many different species, trophic levels, and life history strategies migrate, and the improvement of animal tracking technology allows ecologists to collect increasing amounts of detailed data on these movements. Understanding when animals migrate is important for managing their populations, but is still difficult despite modelling advancements.

Methods: We designed a model that parametrically estimates the timing of migration from animal tracking data.

Narcotic Requirements before and after Implementation of Buccal Nerve Blocks for Buccal Mucosa Graft Harvest: Technique and Retrospective Review.

The reduction in opioid use has become a public health priority. We aimed to assess if performing buccal nerve blocks (BNB) at the time of buccal mucosa graft (BMG) harvest impacts post-operative narcotic usage in the inpatient setting. We retrospectively reviewed clinical characteristics and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) received for all patients that underwent a BMG urethroplasty at our institution.

Ventral onlay glanuloplasty for treatment of fossa navicularis strictures.

Purpose: Management of fossa navicularis (FN) strictures balances restoring urethral patency with adequate cosmesis. Historically, FN strictures are managed via glans cap or glans wings, and in severe cases, multi-stage procedures. Ventral onlay glanuloplasty (VOG) is an easily reproducible technique that involves a single-stage augmentation with buccal mucosal graft.

Postoperative Findings of Common Foot and Ankle Surgeries: An Imaging Review.

Foot and ankle surgery is increasingly prevalent. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying common foot and ankle deformities is useful in understanding surgical procedures used to restore normal biomechanics. As surgical techniques evolve, it is important for the radiologist to be familiar with these procedures, their expected postoperative appearance, and potential complications.

Modular, robust, and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast.

Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multicellular consortia for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of multicellular circuits is their potential to be modular with respect to composition but this claim has not yet been extensively tested using experiments and quantitative modeling. Here, we construct a library of 24 yeast strains capable of sending, receiving or responding to three molecular signals, characterize them experimentally and build quantitative models of their input-output relationships.

Where Do We Go From Here?: The Impact of COVID-19 on Practice Readiness and Considerations for Nurse Leaders.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nurses transitioning to practice in a variety of ways over the past 2 years. Analysis from the Versant Database comparing new graduate nurses (NGNs) from 2018-2021 revealed a widened practice gap for NGNs in these specialty areas of practice: critical care, perinatal, and emergency. Additionally, NGNs achieved 100% competency validation sooner in 2020-2021.

Implications of Sensory Processing and Attentional Differences Associated With Autism in Academic Settings: An Integrative Review.

The impact of classroom environments on student engagement and academic performance is well-documented. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with atypical sensory processing and attentional impairments, which may lead to challenges in successfully accessing educational material within these settings. These symptoms may help explain why students with ASD show discrepancies between intellectual ability and academic performance.

Effect of Postoperative Radiation Therapy Timing on Survival in Pediatric and Young Adult Ependymoma.

Purpose: Postoperative radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used for World Health Organization grade II-III intracranial ependymoma. Clinicians generally aim to begin RT ≤5 weeks after surgery, but postoperative recovery and need for second look surgery can delay the initiation of adjuvant therapy. On ACNS 0831, patients were required to enroll ≤8 weeks after initial surgery and begin adjuvant therapy within 3 weeks after enrollment.

The Role of Health Literacy in Prostate Cancer Screening.

Objective: To determine if there is an association between self-reported health literacy and rates of prostate cancer screening through PSA testing.

Methods: This secondary data analysis utilized information from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The primary exposure was self-reported health literacy, and the primary outcome was whether patients underwent prior PSA testing.

A Case Report of Large Bowel Obstruction in a Patient With an Inflatable Penile Prosthesis.

Introduction: Inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) consist of 2 cylinders implanted into the corpora cavernosa, a pump placed in the scrotum, and a saline-filled reservoir traditionally placed in the space of Retzius. IPPs are used to treat refractory erectile dysfunction with few rare, but serious, complications. Cases of reservoirs causing erosion into the bladder, small bowel obstructions, vascular compression, and inguinal herniation have been described.

Mouse entorhinal cortex encodes a diverse repertoire of self-motion signals.

Neural circuits generate representations of the external world from multiple information streams. The navigation system provides an exceptional lens through which we may gain insights about how such computations are implemented. Neural circuits in the medial temporal lobe construct a map-like representation of space that supports navigation.

Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism.

Melanotan II, an injectable melanocortin analog, is illicitly available on the internet to generate a sunless tan through melanocyte induction. It is also used as a sexual stimulant in unlicensed performance enhancement clinics, and has been investigated as a possible treatment agent in erectile dysfunction. We describe in this case report a patient presenting with acute ischemic priapism after subcutaneous injection of melanotan II.

The Association Between Race and 5-year Survival in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To determine if race was associated with 5-year cause-specific survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: Outcomes were investigated using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database with data from 13 states between the years 2007-2015. Covariates included age, sex, insurance, marital status, and tumor stage at diagnosis.

Motivation and exercise in rural postmenopausal women: A literature review.

Purpose: Most rural Americans are not meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity (PA); rural postmenopausal women (RPMW) have the highest inactivity rates. Self-Determination Theory, a motivational theory which examines the effects of qualitatively different types of motivation is used to conceptualize how RPMW make decisions regarding PA. The purpose of this review is to examine published literature related to motivation and exercise or PA in RPMW.