Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) Delivered by Expeditious Routes in a Swine Model of Polytrauma and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Objective: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in civilian trauma centers and on the battlefield. One of the emerging treatment options for hemorrhage in austere environments is tranexamic acid (TXA). However, the landscape is not amenable to the current delivery standard.