Publications by authors named "Mallika Alexander"

Article Synopsis
  • * A study of 14,850 human and 1,666 environmental metagenomes revealed that certain concerning AR genes, such as CTX-M and various carbapenemases, are mostly restricted to specific bacteria like Proteobacteria and Bacteroides.
  • * Despite the ability of some AR genes to adapt between different bacterial groups, they have not widely spread within diverse gut microbiota, suggesting a limited transfer of clinically relevant resistance traits.
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Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly prevalent disorder of the cervicovaginal microbiota. Molecular-BV may put women at increased risk for adverse reproductive and obstetric outcomes. We investigated the association of HIV and pregnancy on the vaginal microbiota and associations with molecular-BV in women of reproductive age from Pune, India.

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Infection of HIV is associated with an increased diabetes risk, which also increases tuberculosis risk. It is unknown if similar associations exist with gestational diabetes (GDM). We screened pregnant women living with and without HIV for GDM using oral glucose tolerance testing.

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A new tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic cartridge assay, which detects a 3-gene TB signature in whole blood, was not diagnostic in women with maternal TB disease in India (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.72). In a cohort of pregnant women, we identified a novel gene set for TB diagnosis (AUC = 0.

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Importance: The association of elevated levels of specific inflammatory markers during pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and infant growth could indicate pathways for potential interventions.

Objective: To evaluate whether higher levels of certain inflammatory markers during pregnancy are associated with preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and infant growth deficits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study of pregnant women with or without HIV, 218 mother-infant pairs were followed up from pregnancy through 12 months post partum from June 27, 2016, to December 9, 2019.

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Background: Accurate tuberculosis infection (TBI) tests are critical for pregnant women, especially those with HIV, who have a high risk of TB disease.

Methods: We enrolled interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)+ pregnant women with and without HIV in a longitudinal study, followed up at delivery and 6 months postpartum. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and IGRA were compared by HIV status at each timepoint.

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Objective: There are limited studies on the association of HIV infection with systemic inflammation during pregnancy.

Design: A cohort study (N = 220) of pregnant women with HIV (N = 70) (all on antiretroviral therapy) and without HIV (N = 150) were enrolled from an antenatal clinic in Pune, India.

Methods: The following systemic inflammatory markers were measured in plasma samples using immunoassays: soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble CD14 (sCD14), intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), interferon-β (IFNβ), interferon-γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα).

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Background: Recent studies in adults have characterized differences in systemic inflammation between adults with and without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI+ . LTBI-). Potential differences in systemic inflammation by LTBI status has not been assess in pregnant women.

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Adequate dietary intake is critical to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. India has a high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of adequate tools to assess dietary intake. We validate an FFQ, New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health (NINA-DISH), among pregnant women living with and without HIV in Pune, India.

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In pregnant women, studies are lacking on the relationship of vegetable and animal flesh (poultry, red meat and seafood) intake with inflammation, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cohort study of pregnant women receiving antenatal care at BJ Medical College in Pune, India. The dietary intake of pregnant women was queried in the third trimester using a validated food frequency questionnaire.

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Mosquitoborne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue, and chikungunya) are endemic to India and pose diagnostic challenges during pregnancy.

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Aims: Although diabetes is rapidly increasing in India, there is no national consensus on best practices for screening, diagnosis, and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies reporting the prevalence and screening and diagnostic methods for gestational diabetes in India.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and POPLINE for studies on screening for GDM in India.

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Context: Although premarital partnerships-whether or not they involve sex-are widely discouraged in India, some youth do form such partnerships. It is important to know more about the nature of and the factors associated with these relationships.

Methods: Data are drawn from a community-based study of 15-24-year-olds in urban slum and rural settings in Pune District, Maharashtra.

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Using qualitative and survey data in a rural and an urban slum setting in Pune district, India, this paper describes patterns of pre-marital romantic partnerships among young people aged 15-24, in spite of norms that discourage opposite-sex interaction before marriage. 25-40% of young men and 14-17% of young women reported opposite-sex friends. Most young people devised strategies to interact with others, largely from the same neighbourhood.

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