MaAsLin 3: Refining and extending generalized multivariable linear models for meta-omic association discovery.

A key question in microbial community analysis is determining which microbial features are associated with community properties such as environmental or health phenotypes. This statistical task is impeded by characteristics of typical microbial community profiling technologies, including sparsity (which can be either technical or biological) and the compositionality imposed by most nucleotide sequencing approaches. Many models have been proposed that focus on how the relative abundance of a feature (e.

Do renewable energy sources perfectly displace non-renewable energy sources? Evidence from Asia-Pacific economies.

The existing scholarly discourse surrounding the energy transition has long operated on the assumption of perfect displacement of non-renewable energy. However, an evolving set of studies highlights an intricate web of inefficiencies and complexities that prevent the perfect displacement of fossil fuel energy with renewable energy production. Since this could carry serious implications for the environmental targets of several economies, it is crucial to accurately and continuously measure the actual extent of fossil fuel displacement.

An integrated Bayesian framework for multi-omics prediction and classification.

With the growing commonality of multi-omics datasets, there is now increasing evidence that integrated omics profiles lead to more efficient discovery of clinically actionable biomarkers that enable better disease outcome prediction and patient stratification. Several methods exist to perform host phenotype prediction from cross-sectional, single-omics data modalities but decentralized frameworks that jointly analyze multiple time-dependent omics data to highlight the integrative and dynamic impact of repeatedly measured biomarkers are currently limited. In this article, we propose a novel Bayesian ensemble method to consolidate prediction by combining information across several longitudinal and cross-sectional omics data layers.

Foreign body aspiration presenting as a chronic lung disease: a unique finding in an elderly patient.

Foreign body aspiration is a serious clinical manifestation in the elderly and has a significant potential to cause life-endangering harm. In this unique report, we highlight the case of a seventy-year-old conscious male, who reported with complaints of chronic cough initially diagnosed as chronic bronchitis; however, on radiological examination, the infectious nidus was identified as a 5 cm long metallic nail in the right lower lung.

Population structure discovery in meta-analyzed microbial communities and inflammatory bowel disease using MMUPHin.

Microbiome studies of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have achieved a scale for meta-analysis of dysbioses among populations. To enable microbial community meta-analyses generally, we develop MMUPHin for normalization, statistical meta-analysis, and population structure discovery using microbial taxonomic and functional profiles. Applying it to ten IBD cohorts, we identify consistent associations, including novel taxa such as Acinetobacter and Turicibacter, and additional exposure and interaction effects.

Acute sleep deprivation induces synaptic remodeling at the soleus muscle neuromuscular junction in rats.

Sleep is important for cognitive and physical performance. Sleep deprivation not only affects neural functions but also results in muscular fatigue. A good night's sleep reverses these functional derangements caused by sleep deprivation.

Electrophysiological Evidence of Local Sleep During Yoga Nidra Practice.

Background And Objectives: is a technique sages use to self-induce sleep. Classically, sleep is characterized by three cardinal electrophysiological features, namely, electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and electrooculography (EOG). As the literature on electrophysiological characterization of is lacking, it is not known whether it is a sleep or awake state.

Differential expression of single-cell RNA-seq data using Tweedie models.

The performance of computational methods and software to identify differentially expressed features in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been shown to be influenced by several factors, including the choice of the normalization method used and the choice of the experimental platform (or library preparation protocol) to profile gene expression in individual cells. Currently, it is up to the practitioner to choose the most appropriate differential expression (DE) method out of over 100 DE tools available to date, each relying on their own assumptions to model scRNA-seq expression features. To model the technological variability in cross-platform scRNA-seq data, here we propose to use Tweedie generalized linear models that can flexibly capture a large dynamic range of observed scRNA-seq expression profiles across experimental platforms induced by platform- and gene-specific statistical properties such as heavy tails, sparsity, and gene expression distributions.

Yoga nidra practice shows improvement in sleep in patients with chronic insomnia: A randomized controlled trial.

Background Yoga nidra is practised by sages for sleep. The practice is simple to use and has been clearly laid out, but its role in the treatment of chronic insomnia has not been well studied. Methods In this randomized parallel-design study conducted during 2012-16, we enrolled 41 patients with chronic insomnia to receive conventional intervention of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (n=20) or yoga nidra (n=21).

Multivariable association discovery in population-scale meta-omics studies.

It is challenging to associate features such as human health outcomes, diet, environmental conditions, or other metadata to microbial community measurements, due in part to their quantitative properties. Microbiome multi-omics are typically noisy, sparse (zero-inflated), high-dimensional, extremely non-normal, and often in the form of count or compositional measurements. Here we introduce an optimized combination of novel and established methodology to assess multivariable association of microbial community features with complex metadata in population-scale observational studies.

Aggressive Perioperative Management for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Correct Strategy in an Emergent Patient?

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune pathology that causes thrombocytopenia. This can become extremely troublesome when dealing with the rare clinical scenario of having to operate a highly invasive procedure on patients with thrombocytopenia. We report a case of a 66-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, including ITP, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with an aortic valve replacement (AVR).

A statistical model for describing and simulating microbial community profiles.

Many methods have been developed for statistical analysis of microbial community profiles, but due to the complex nature of typical microbiome measurements (e.g. sparsity, zero-inflation, non-independence, and compositionality) and of the associated underlying biology, it is difficult to compare or evaluate such methods within a single systematic framework.

Sleep quality mediates the relationship between risk of obstructive sleep apnea and acute stress in young adults.

Intermittent hypoxia and transient arousals in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to poor sleep quality and acute stress. Rising levels of obesity and increased incidence of OSA in young adults predisposes them to acute stress. We propose a mediation model to assess if risk of OSA is associated with acute stress and if the relationship between risk for OSA and acute stress is mediated by sleep quality.

The reciprocal Bayesian LASSO.

A reciprocal LASSO (rLASSO) regularization employs a decreasing penalty function as opposed to conventional penalization approaches that use increasing penalties on the coefficients, leading to stronger parsimony and superior model selection relative to traditional shrinkage methods. Here we consider a fully Bayesian formulation of the rLASSO problem, which is based on the observation that the rLASSO estimate for linear regression parameters can be interpreted as a Bayesian posterior mode estimate when the regression parameters are assigned independent inverse Laplace priors. Bayesian inference from this posterior is possible using an expanded hierarchy motivated by a scale mixture of double Pareto or truncated normal distributions.

Mediodorsal thalamus lesion increases paradoxical sleep in rats.

Introduction: The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus has extensive connections with prefrontal cortex, which is considered as seat of cognition. It also receives connections from sleep-wakefulness regulating areas in the brainstem and hypothalamus. Decreased volume and degeneration of mediodorsal thalamic nuclei have been reported in schizophrenia and fatal familial insomnia, respectively.

Muscle temperature is least altered during total sleep deprivation in rats.

It has often been said that the brain is mostly benefitted from sleep. To understand the importance of sleep, extensive studies on other organs are too required. One such unexplored area is the understanding of muscle physiology during the sleep-wake cycle.

Omics community detection using multi-resolution clustering.

Motivation: The discovery of biologically interpretable and clinically actionable communities in heterogeneous omics data is a necessary first step toward deriving mechanistic insights into complex biological phenomena. Here, we present a novel clustering approach, omeClust, for community detection in omics profiles by simultaneously incorporating similarities among measurements and the overall complex structure of the data.

Results: We show that omeClust outperforms published methods in inferring the true community structure as measured by both sensitivity and misclassification rate on simulated datasets.

Changes in sleep-wake cycle after microinjection of agonist and antagonist of endocannabinoid receptors at the medial septum of rats.

The role of medial septum in the genesis of slow-wave sleep and the inhibition of rapid eye movement sleep has been established using neurotoxic lesion and chemical stimulation of the medial septum. Intracerebroventricular injection of endocannabinoids (anandamide) decreases wake and increases slow-wave and rapid eye movement sleep in rats. Central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors are localized in the rat medial septum; however, the role of cannabinoid receptors at the medial septum on the regulation of sleep-wakefulness in rats lacks evidence.

Guidelines of the Indian Society for Sleep Research (ISSR) for Practice of Sleep Medicine during COVID-19.

Background: Sleep services are assigned a non-essential status during COVID-19. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine strongly urges sleep clinicians to continue postponing non-urgent care until a later date, if such a recommendation is made by state officials due to local conditions. At the same time, one cannot ignore the fact that sleep is important for people's health and wellbeing.

BASIC: A Simple and Accurate Modular DNA Assembly Method.

Biopart Assembly Standard for Idempotent Cloning (BASIC) is a simple, robust, and highly accurate DNA assembly method, which provides 99% correct assemblies for a typical four-part assembly, enabling high efficiency cloning workflows (Storch et al., ACS Synth Biol, https://doi.org/10.

Elective Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Children: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience From a Lower-Middle Income Country.

Objective Tracheostomy is a commonly performed procedure amongst critically ill patients, especially in cases of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). This study aimed to describe the indications, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of elective pediatric tracheostomies in critically ill children at our center. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of children who underwent elective tracheostomies in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) was conducted from January 2009 to June 2018.