Optimization of an all-optical three-input universal logic gate with an enhanced contrast ratio by exploiting a T-shaped photonic crystal waveguide.

Universal gates (NAND and NOR) are used for any electronic circuit that is affordable and straightforward to build all logic gates (LoG). In this work, the T-shaped 2D photonic crystal (PhC) is exploited to design a three-input universal LoG premised on the beam-interference principle. The design criteria of pitch (), rod radius (), and refractive index () are employed to obtain a high impact output.